Book Review: Emerging Voices – South Asian American Women Redefine Self, Family and Community

Review of Emerging Voices – South Asian American Women Redefine Self, Family and Community, edited by Sangeeta R. Gupt

Book Review: The Science Glass Ceiling: Academic Women Scientists and the Struggle to Succeed

Review of The Science Glass Ceiling: Academic Women Scientists and the Struggle to Succeed by Sue V. Rosse

Book Review: Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination- Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions

Review of Clinical Aspects of Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination- Psychological Consequences and Treatment Interventions by Sharyn Ann Lenhar

Book Review: Mental Health of Indian Women – a Feminist Agenda

Review of Mental Health of Indian Women – a Feminist Agenda by Bhargavi V. Dava

Exploring Bicycle and Public Transit Use by Low-Income Latino Immigrants: A Mixed-Methods Study in the San Francisco Bay Area

Latin American immigrants will continue to make up a large share of transit ridership, bicycling and walking in the United States for the foreseeable future, but there is relatively little research about them. This mixed-methods study compares the travel patterns of low-income immigrants living in the San Francisco Bay Area with that of other groups and investigates the barriers and constraints faced by low-income immigrants when taking transit and bicycling. Much of the previous work on immigrant travel has relied on national surveys and qualitative analysis, which underrepresent disadvantaged population groups and slower modes of travel, or are unable to speak to broader patterns in the population. We conducted interviews with 14 low-income immigrants and a paper-based intercept survey of 2,078 adults. Interviewees revealed five major barriers that made public transit use difficult for them, including safety, transit fare affordability, discrimination, system legibility, and reliability. Although crime was the most prominent issue in interviews, the survey results suggest transit cost is the most pressing concern for low-income immigrants. Low-income immigrants were less likely than those with higher-incomes to have access to a motor vehicle, and were less likely than higher-income immigrants or the U.S.-born of any income to have access to a bicycle or bus pass. Finally, although most barriers to public transit use were the same regardless of nativity or household income, low-income immigrants were much less willing to take public transit when they had the option to drive and less willing to bicycle for any purpose. The prevalence of concerns about transit affordability, crime, and reliability suggest transit agencies should consider income-based fare reductions, coordinated crime prevention with local law enforcement, and improved scheduling

Effect of Muons on the Phase Transition in Magnetised Proto-Neutron Star Matter

We study the effect of inclusion of muons and the muon neutrinos on the phase transition from nuclear to quark matter in a magnetised proto-neutron star and compare our results with those obtained by us without the muons. We find that the inclusion of muons changes slightly the nuclear density at which transition occurs.However the dependence of this transition density on various chemical potentials, temperature and the magnetic field remains quantitatively the same.Comment: LaTex2e file with four postscript figure

Singida Regional and District Projections

\ud This report presents population projections for the period 2003 to 2025 for Singida Region and its districts. The projections were made using a Cohort Component Method (Spectrum System), whereby three components responsible for population change, namely: mortality, fertility and\ud migration were projected separately as well as HIV/AIDS prevalence. The projected components were then applied to 2002 midyear base population in order to come up with the desired projections from 2003 to 2025. The report gives mortality, fertility, migration and HIV/AIDS assumptions, and shows Singida’s demographic and socio-economic future trends. The results include estimated population by sex in single years and five-year age groups as well as some demographic indicators. The results show that population growth for the period 2003 to 2025 shows a decrease in growth rates. The projections show that population growth rate will decrease from 2.4 percent in 2003 (with a population of 1,118,874) to 1.5 percent in 2025 (with a population of 1,897,726). Sex Ratio at birth is projected to increase from 95 males per 100 females in 2003 to 100 males per 100 females in 2025. Mortality estimates show that Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is expected to decline for both sexes from 84 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2025. Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) for both sexes will also decline from 135 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 62 deaths per 1,000 live births in the year 2025. The mortality projected estimates further show that the life expectancy at birth for females is higher compared to that of males as expected. Life expectancy at birth for Singida will increase from 55 years in 2003 to 63 years in 2025 for both sexes. For male population, life expectancy at birth will increase from 56 years in year 2003 to 63 years in 2025, while for female population, the life expectancy at birth will increase from 54 years in 2003 to 63 years in 2025. On fertility, TFR will decline from 6.0 children per woman in 2003 to 3.0 children per woman in 2025.\u

Does an inverted pendulum model accurately represent the gait of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation while walking over level ground?

Study Design: Controlled trial Background: An inverted pendulum model represents the mechanical function of able-bodied walking accurately, with centre of mass height and forward velocity data plotting as sinusoidal curves, 180 degrees out of phase. Objectives: The current study investigated whether the inverted pendulum model represented level gait in individuals with a unilateral transfemoral amputation. Methods: Kinematic and kinetic data from ten individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation and fifteen able-bodied participants were recorded during level walking. Results: During level walking, the inverted pendulum model described able-bodied gait well throughout the gait cycle, with median relative time shifts between centre of mass height and velocity maxima and minima of between 1.2%-1.8% of gait cycle. In the group with unilateral transfemoral amputation, the relative time shift was significantly increased during the prosthetic limb initial double-limb support phase by 6.3%. Conclusion: The gait of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation shows deviation from a synchronous inverted pendulum model during prosthetic limb stance. The reported divergence may help explain such individuals’ increased metabolic cost of gait. Temporal divergence of inverted pendulum behaviour could potentially be utilised as a tool to assess the efficacy of prosthetic device prescription

Implementing tradable permits for sulfur oxides emissions : a case study in the South Coast Air Basin

Tradable emissions permits have important theoretical advantages over source-specific technical standards as a means for controlling pollution. Nonetheless, difficulties can arise in trying to implement an efficient, competitive market in emissions permits. Simple workable versions of the market concept may fail to achieve the competitive equilibrium, or to take account of important complexities in the relationship between the pattern of emissions and the geographical distribution of pollution. Existing regulatory law may severely limit the range of market opportunities that states can adopt. This report examines the feasibility of tradable permits for controlling particulate sulfates in the Los Angeles airshed. Although the empirical part of the paper deals with a specific case, the methods developed have general applicability. Moreover, the particular market design that is proposed -- an auction process that involves no net revenue collection by the state -- has attractive features as a general model