Monitoring of a quasi-stationary eddy in the Bay of Biscay by means of satellite, in situ and model results

The presence of a quasi-stationary anticyclonic eddy within the southeastern Bay of Biscay (centred around 44°30′N-4°W) has been reported on various occasions in the bibliography. The analysis made in this study for the period 2003–2010, by using in situ and remote sensing measurements and model results shows that this mesoscale coherent structure is present almost every year from the end of winter-beginning of spring, to the beginning of fall. During this period it remains in an area limited to the east by the Landes Plateau, to the west by Le Danois Bank and Torrelavega canyon and to the northwest by the Jovellanos seamount. All the observations and analysis made in this contribution, suggest that this structure is generated between Capbreton and Torrelavega canyons. Detailed monitoring from in situ and remote sensing data of an anticyclonic quasi-stationary eddy, in 2008, shows the origin of this structure from a warm water current located around 43°42′N-3°30′W in mid-January. This coherent structure is monitored until August around the same area, where it has a marked influence on the Sea Level Anomaly, Sea Surface Temperature and surface Chlorophyll-a concentration. An eddy tracking method, applied to the outputs of a numerical model, shows that the model is able to reproduce this type of eddy, with similar 2D characteristics and lifetimes to that suggested by the observations and previous works. This is the case, for instance, of the simulated MAY04 eddy, which was generated in May 2004 around Torrelavega canyon and remained quasi-stationary in the area for 4 months. The diameter of this eddy ranged from 40 to 60 km, its azimuthal velocity was less than 20 cm s−1, its vertical extension reached 3000–3500 m depth during April and May and it was observed to interact with other coherent structures

Influence of Rossby waves on primary production from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model in the North Atlantic Ocean

Rossby waves appear to have a clear signature on surface chlorophyll concentrations which can be explained by a combination of vertical and horizontal mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the role of the different physical processes in the north Atlantic to explain the surface chlorophyll signatures and the consequences on primary production, using a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical model for the year 1998. <br><br> The analysis at 20 given latitudes, mainly located in the subtropical gyre, where Rossby waves are strongly correlated with a surface chlorophyll signature, shows the important contribution of horizontal advection and of vertical advection and diffusion of inorganic dissolved nitrogen. The main control mechanism differs according to the biogeochemical background conditions of the area. <br><br> The surface chlorophyll anomalies, induced by these physical mechanisms, have an impact on primary production. We estimate that Rossby waves induce, locally in space and time, increases (generally associated with the chlorophyll wave crest) and decreases (generally associated with the chlorophyll wave trough) in primary production, ~±20% of the estimated background primary production. This symmetrical situation suggests a net weak effect of Rossby waves on primary production

Coastal and regional marine heatwaves and cold spells in the northeastern Atlantic

The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report describes an increase in the number and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and a decrease in marine cold spells (MCSs) in the global ocean. However, these reported changes are not uniform on a regional to local basis, and it remains unknown if coastal areas follow the open-ocean trends. Surface ocean temperature measurements collected by satellites (from 1982–2022) and 13 coastal buoys (from 1990–2022) are analyzed in the northeastern Atlantic and three subregions: the English Channel, Bay of Brest and Bay of Biscay. The activity metric, combining the number of events, intensity, duration and spatial extent, is used to evaluate the magnitude of these extreme events. The results from in situ and satellite datasets for each of the studied regions are quite in agreement, although the satellite dataset underestimates the amplitude of activity for both MHWs and MCSs. This supports the applicability of the method to both in situ and satellite data, albeit with caution on the amplitude of these events. Also, this localized study in European coastal northeastern Atlantic water highlights that similar changes are being seen in coastal and open oceans regarding extreme events of temperature, with MHWs being more frequent and longer and extending over larger areas, while the opposite is seen for MCSs. These trends can be explained by changes in both the mean of and variance in sea-surface temperature. In addition, the pace of evolution and dynamics of marine extreme events differ among the subregions. Among the three studied subregions, the English Channel is the region experiencing the strongest increase in summer MHW activity over the last 4 decades. Summer MHWs were very active in the English Channel in 2022 due to long events, in the Bay of Biscay in 2018 due to intense events and in the Bay of Brest in 2017 due to a high occurrence of events. Winter MCSs were the largest in 1987 and 1986 due to long and intense events in the English Channel. Finally, our findings suggest that at an interannual timescale, the positive North Atlantic Oscillation favors the generation of strong summer MHWs in the northeastern Atlantic, while low-pressure conditions over northern Europe and a high off the Iberian Peninsula in winter dominate for MCSs. A preliminary analysis of air–sea heat fluxes suggests that, in this region, reduced cloud coverage is a key parameter for the generation of summer MHWs, while strong winds and increased cloud coverage are important for the generation of winter MCSs.</p

Assessing impacts of observations on ocean circulation models with examples from coastal, shelf, and marginal seas

Ocean observing systems in coastal, shelf and marginal seas collect diverse oceanographic information supporting a wide range of socioeconomic needs, but observations are necessarily sparse in space and/or time due to practical limitations. Ocean analysis and forecast systems capitalize on such observations, producing data-constrained, four-dimensional oceanographic fields. Here we review efforts to quantify the impact of ocean observations, observing platforms, and networks of platforms on model products of the physical ocean state in coastal regions. Quantitative assessment must consider a variety of issues including observation operators that sample models, error of representativeness, and correlated uncertainty in observations. Observing System Experiments, Observing System Simulation Experiments, representer functions and array modes, observation impacts, and algorithms based on artificial intelligence all offer methods to evaluate data-based model performance improvements according to metrics that characterize oceanographic features of local interest. Applications from globally distributed coastal ocean modeling systems document broad adoption of quantitative methods, generally meaningful reductions in model-data discrepancies from observation assimilation, and support for assimilation of complementary data sets, including subsurface in situ observation platforms, across diverse coastal environments

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015. Since its conception, MIBiG has been regularly updated to expand data coverage and remain up to date with innovations in natural product research. Here, we describe MIBiG version 4.0, an extensive update to the data repository and the underlying data standard. In a massive community annotation effort, 267 contributors performed 8304 edits, creating 557 new entries and modifying 590 existing entries, resulting in a new total of 3059 curated entries in MIBiG. Particular attention was paid to ensuring high data quality, with automated data validation using a newly developed custom submission portal prototype, paired with a novel peer-reviewing model. MIBiG 4.0 also takes steps towards a rolling release model and a broaderinvolvement of the scientific community. MIBiG 4.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/

MIBiG 4.0 : advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015. Since its conception, MIBiG has been regularly updated to expand data coverage and remain up to date with innovations in natural product research. Here, we describe MIBiG version 4.0, an extensive update to the data repository and the underlying data standard. In a massive community annotation effort, 267 contributors performed 8304 edits, creating 557 new entries and modifying 590 existing entries, resulting in a new total of 3059 curated entries in MIBiG. Particular attention was paid to ensuring high data quality, with automated data validation using a newly developed custom submission portal prototype, paired with a novel peer-reviewing model. MIBiG 4.0 also takes steps towards a rolling release model and a broader involvement of the scientific community. MIBiG 4.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/

National observation infrastructures in a European framework : COAST-HF – an example of a fixed platform network along French coasts

International audienc

National observation infrastructures in a European framework : COAST-HF – an example of a fixed platform network along French coasts

International audienc

Taponamiento cardiaco como complicación de terapia trombolítica en paciente con embolia pulmonar masiva

ResumenFundamentosLa embolia pulmonar es una condición frecuente que genera alteraciones en la dinámica cardiovascular y pulmonar. En la actualidad se clasifica de acuerdo a su impacto hemodinámico que permite la instauración de medidas de recuperación de la función cardiaca, la hemodinámica y la pulmonar como la trombólisis.MétodosReporte de caso.ResultadosEn el presente caso se plantea el de un paciente con embolia pulmonar masiva que presenta una complicación hemorrágica asociada a la trombólisis, el taponamiento cardiaco y fallece.ConclusionesLas medidas de intervención como la trombólisis para la embolia pulmonar no carecen de complicaciones.AbstractFundamentalsPulmonary embolism is a frequent condition which generates alterations in the cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamics. Today it is classified according to its hemodynamic impact, which allows the adoption of interventions for restoring of cardiac, hemodynamic and pulmonary function, such as thrombolysis.MethodsCase report.ResultsIn the present case, a case of a patient with massive pulmonary embolism is reported. This patient developed a bleeding complication associated to thrombolysis, cardiac tamponade and eventually died.ConclusionsIntervention measures to treat pulmonary embolism, such as thrombolysis, can present complications

Influence of Rossby waves on primary production from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model in the North Atlantic Ocean

Rossby waves appear to have a clear signature on surface chlorophyll concentrations which can be explained by a combination of vertical and horizontal mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the role of the different physical processes in the north Atlantic to explain the surface chlorophyll signatures and the consequences on primary production, using a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical model for the year 1998. The analysis at 20 given latitudes, mainly located in the subtropical gyre, where Rossby waves are strongly correlated with a surface chlorophyll signature, shows the important contribution of horizontal advection and of vertical advection and diffusion of inorganic dissolved nitrogen. The main control mechanism differs according to the biogeochemical background conditions of the area. The surface chlorophyll anomalies, induced by these physical mechanisms, have an impact on primary production. We estimate that Rossby waves induce, locally in space and time, increases (generally associated with the chlorophyll wave crest) and decreases (generally associated with the chlorophyll wave trough) in primary production, ±20% of the estimated background primary production. This symmetrical situation suggests a net weak effect of Rossby waves on primary production