Setting and meeting priorities in Indigenous health research in Australia and its application in the Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health

Priority setting is about making decisions. Key issues faced during priority setting processes include identifying who makes these decisions, who sets the criteria, and who benefits. The paper reviews the literature and history around priority setting in research, particularly in Aboriginal health research. We explore these issues through a case study of the Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health (CRCAH)'s experience in setting and meeting priorities

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Stereotyping Chinese in the Philippines

The study investigated whether there are stereotypes that have been experienced by Chinese of the Generation and X and Y who grew up in the Philippines and whether there are generational differences on the stereotypes, focusing on work ethics and social relations. The study investigated whether these stereotypes have any perceived effects on the self-concept, focusing on the dimensions of the self-image and ideal-self of Charles Horton Cooleys Looking-glass self theory. Based on the data gathered from the interviews from four (4) participants included in the Generation X and five (5) participants included in the Generation Y, there are still stereotyping that occur on both Generation X and Generation Y and both of the generation experienced the same stereotypes. Generation X experienced more stereotyping compared to generation Y. A second interview was conducted focusing on the participants self-concept. Before the interview, the participants answered Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) to validate the results from the self-concept interview. Generation X and Generation Y stated the same perceived effects on their self-image. In terms of the ideal-self, both generations mentioned personal development and being financially successful. The results of their TSCS scale were consistent to the interview, however, all of the participants mentioned that their family, traditions, and up bringing are more significant in terms of how they perceive their own characteristics

Studi Penggunaan Obat Diare pada Pasien Balita di Puskesmas Rurukan

Diare merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan bertambahnya frekuensi buang air besar dari biasanya, disertai Perubahan bentuk konsistensi tinja dari lembek menjadi cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui studi penggunaan obat diare pada pasien Balita di Puskesmas Rurukan, apakah penggunaan obat diare di Puskesmas Rurukan sudah sesuai dengan pedoman Kemenkes RI 2011 yang ada.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif yaitu melakukan penelusuran terhadap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga medis kepada pasienbalita dalam memberikan obat diare pada pasien Balita di Puskesmas Rurukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan penggunaan obat diare pada pasien Balita di Puskesmas Rurukan belum sesuai dengan pedoman Kemenkes RI 2011 yang dimana seluruh pasien diare pada Balita bulan januari sampai Agustus 2014 masih diberikan antibiotic walaupun tanpa disertai dengan indikasi seperti kotoran berdarah yang disertai demam dan juga belum ditemukan penggunaan zink karena belum ada persediaan dari Dinas Kesehatan