Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green'' chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed

Bêtabloquants pour le traitement des arythmies : bisoprolol – une revue systématique

International audienceObjectives: Beta-blockers have long been successfully used for the treatment of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. However, differences exist between their chemical structure, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties (absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, hydrophilic or lipophilic character, selective or non-selective nature, the presence or absence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity), which may confer different antiarrhythmic properties to different beta-blockers. The aim of this study was to analyze the current existing evidence for bisoprolol for the treatment of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Material and methods: Using the keywords “bisoprolol” and “arrhythmias” or “atrial fibrillation” or “ventricular tachycardia” or “premature ventricular complexes” or “ventricular fibrillation”, the Medline database was searched for articles in English or French until April 2020 assessing the role of bisoprolol in the treatment of arrhythmias. Data was then analyzed according to the type of arrhythmia treated and the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: A total of 325 studies were identified, of which 28 were considered relevant to the current topic. Among these studies, 19 assessed the role of bisoprolol for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias, 8 its role in treating ventricular arrhythmias and 1 its role in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. The quality of evidence varied from low (7 studies) to high (5 studies). Conclusion: Current evidence exists supporting the use of bisoprolol for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias, especially for rate control during atrial fibrillation. Evidence also exists for its efficacy in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, both in primary and in secondary prevention

P338 The road to zero-fluoroscopy catheter ablation in recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using ICE: training, learning, getting closer

Abstract INTRODUCTION Catheter ablation is the treatment of choice for patients with recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in which antiarrhythmic drug therapy has failed to maintain sinus rhythm. Since its first introduction, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has proved to increase the efficacy and reduce complications in AF catheter ablation. One of the main advantages of ICE in the electrophysiology laboratory is the reduction of radiation exposure, for both the patient and the physician. Multiple recent studies have shown the feasibility and safety of zero or near-zero fluoroscopy AF ablation, including transseptal puncture, and outlined the importance of using ICE under the support of 3D mapping systems in reducing radiation exposure. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show whether the use of ICE reduced the radiation exposure and total procedure time in recurrent paroxysmal AF patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. METHODS Forty patients that undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation for recurrent paroxysmal AF between January 2018 and May 2019 were included. They were divided in two groups: Group 1 – 20 patients in which ICE was performed and Group 2 – 20 patients in which ablation was performed without ICE guidance. We compared the total ablation time and fluoroscopy dose and time between the two groups. The total ablation time was defined as the time from the groin puncture until the withdrawal of all catheters. RESULTS Among the 40 patients included, 28 were men (70%) and the mean age was 57 years old. The mean procedure time was similar between the two groups (175 ± 52.0 for group 1 and 193 ± 49.9 for group 2, p = 0.33). The difference between the two groups was observed in fluoroscopy dose (9914.13 ± 5018.14 vs. 14561.43 ± 7446.1, p = 0.02) and time (26.04 ± 12.5 vs. 40.52 ± 12.6, p = 0.001). We found that in both groups higher fluoroscopy dose was correlated with higher fluoroscopy time (R = 0.74, p = 0.0001 vs. R = 0.57, p = 0.008) and higher total procedure time (R = 0.63, p = 0.002 vs. R = 0.46, p = 0.03). Furthermore, there was also a correlation between higher fluoroscopy dose and time (R = 0.59, p = 0.005 vs. R = 0.58, p = 0.006). No severe procedure-related complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the use of ICE for recurrent paroxysmal AF catheter ablation reduces radiation exposure by lowering the fluoroscopy dose and the time of exposure. As a result, by increasing the training and learning curve in low-experienced centers it may finally get us closer to the ideal zero or near-zero fluoroscopy ablation. Abstract P338 Figure. ICE-guided transseptal puncture </jats:sec

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in Romania – results from the European Society of Cardiology CRT Survey II

The European Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Survey II is the second CRT survey of the Heart Failure Association and European Heart Rhythm Association designed to observe implantation and follow-up practices across European countries. These data allow, for the fi rst time, a valuable insight on CRT implantation strategies for Romanian patients

Relationship between 3D and 2D global longitudinal strain in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous revascularization

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This research was funded by “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Cardiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. This paper was published under the frame of European Social Found, Human Capital Operational Programme 2014-2020, project no. POCU/380/6/13/125171 Introduction Impaired longitudinal strain (GLS) is associated with increased wall stress following acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the relationship between three-dimensional (3D)-GLS and two-dimensional (2D)-GLS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 3D-GLS and 2D-GLS and also the association of 3D-GLS with specific biomarkers (NT-proBNP and Troponin) in patients with acute MI following percutaneous revascularization (PCI).  Methods We included 100 patients with acute MI after successful PCI with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &amp;gt;40%. 2D-GLS and 3D-GLS were assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography and plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP and high sensitive troponin were analyzed.  Results The patients had a mean age of 67.1 ± 13.1 years. 69 patients were diagnosed with ST-elevation MI (STEMI). Mean 3D-GLS was of -9.44 ± 4.35% and mean 2D-GLSwas of -10.1 ± 3.9%. 3D-GLS showed a strong correlation with 2D-GLS (r=-0.57, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and LVEF (r=-0.58,p &amp;lt; 0.001), a moderate correlation with NT-proBNP (r = 0.22), but no correlation with Troponin (r = 0.19). There was no difference (paired t-test) between 3D-GLS and 2D-GLS (p = 0.56, mean of differences of 0.65), but the limits of agreement were wide (-6.8% and  8.11%). Conclusion 3D-GLS showed small bias compared to 2D-GLS, but wide limits of agreement. The correlation between 3D-GLS and NT-proBNP was only moderate in acute MI. 3D-GLS might offer additional advantages in patients with complex geometry after acute MI due to faster data acquisition and lack of geometric assumption,but future studies are needed to confirm its role. Abstract Figure. Relationship between 3D and 2D GLS  Abstract Figure. Corresponding Bland-Altman plots </jats:sec