Leaching Behaviour of Nitrogen in Forage Rice Cultivation That Applied with Animal Manure

Increased use of N fertilizer may substantially increase of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching, which potentially pollutes groundwater.  Leaching behaviour of nitrogen (N) was observed in the paddy field of forage rice cultivation. Two kinds of animal manure, cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) at 5 levels of N application (0, 70, 140, 210, 280 kg N ha-1) as the organic N sources, and without any chemical fertilizers. “Tachisuzuka” forage rice variety was conducted in the experimental plot. Porous ceramic cups were installed in triplicate of each treatment at 45 cm depth to collect the percolation water samples during the cultivation rice periods. The concentration of total N, NH4-N, NO2-N and NO3-N of water (surface and percolation) and soil sample solution were analysed using a Hach DR/2800 spectrophotometer. Result showed that NO3-N leaching was higher than NH4-N in the percolation water during the cultivation of forage rice periods. The highest NO3-N leaching was found in 280 kg N ha-1 (6.3 mg L-1), that it was indicated on the polluted levels. The highest of biomass production was in N280 (16.22 t ha-1) and nearly similar result in N140, N210 and N280. It was concluded that the best application of N-fertilizer in 140 kg N ha-1 because it greatly enhanced N-fertilizer efficiency, and decreased steadily of NO3-N concentration leaching in the environment of the groundwater.Keywords: Ammonium (NH4-N), Forage rice, N behavior, Nitrate (NO3-N), N leaching[How to Cite: Gusmini, K Nishimura, Adrinal, and T Itani. 2013. Leaching Behaviour of Nitrogen in Forage Rice Cultivation that Applied with Animal Manure. J Trop Soils 18 (3): 209-216. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.3.209][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.3.209]REFERENCESAgrawal GD, SK Lunkad and T Malkhed. 1999. Difusse agricultural nitrate pollution of groundwater in India. 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The two-step treatment for giant hepatic hemangiomas

The aim of the present study is to analyze the feasibility and the impact of a two-step approach in the treatment of giant hemangiomas (GH) i.e., exceeding 10 cm in maximum diameter, con-sisting of transarterial embolization (TAE) followed by laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). Ten patients with 11 GH were treated with TAE and subsequent LLR between 2017 and 2020 (Group A). A matched cohort of 10 patients with GH treated with upfront LLR between 2014 and 2017 was identified for comparison (Group B). Data were analyzed regarding intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, including successful completion of LLR, morbidity, and mortality. Successful microparticle emboliza-tion of the GH-feeding arteries was performed in all patients in group A. In three cases a liquid embolic agent (Squid-18) was also injected to obtain complete embolization. No complications were observed after TAE. Successful surgery was performed after a mean time interval of 2.2 days from TAE without any case of conversion to laparotomy. Statistically significant differences between group A and group B were found in intraoperative blood loss (250 \ub1 200 vs. 400 \ub1 300 mL, p = 0.039), operative time (245 \ub1 60 vs. 420 \ub1 60 min, p = 0.027), and length of stay (5 \ub1 1 vs. 8 \ub1 2 days, p = 0.046). Our data suggest that two-step TAE + LLR might be a safe and effective option for surgical treatment of GH >10 cm

Characterization of transcriptome dynamics during watermelon fruit development: sequencing, assembly, annotation and gene expression profiles

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cultivated watermelon [<it>Citrullus lanatus </it>(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. <it>lanatus</it>] is an important agriculture crop world-wide. The fruit of watermelon undergoes distinct stages of development with dramatic changes in its size, color, sweetness, texture and aroma. In order to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of these changes and significantly expand the watermelon transcript catalog, we have selected four critical stages of watermelon fruit development and used Roche/454 next-generation sequencing technology to generate a large expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset and a comprehensive transcriptome profile for watermelon fruit flesh tissues.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We performed half Roche/454 GS-FLX run for each of the four watermelon fruit developmental stages (immature white, white-pink flesh, red flesh and over-ripe) and obtained 577,023 high quality ESTs with an average length of 302.8 bp. <it>De novo </it>assembly of these ESTs together with 11,786 watermelon ESTs collected from GenBank produced 75,068 unigenes with a total length of approximately 31.8 Mb. Overall 54.9% of the unigenes showed significant similarities to known sequences in GenBank non-redundant (nr) protein database and around two-thirds of them matched proteins of cucumber, the most closely-related species with a sequenced genome. The unigenes were further assigned with gene ontology (GO) terms and mapped to biochemical pathways. More than 5,000 SSRs were identified from the EST collection. Furthermore we carried out digital gene expression analysis of these ESTs and identified 3,023 genes that were differentially expressed during watermelon fruit development and ripening, which provided novel insights into watermelon fruit biology and a comprehensive resource of candidate genes for future functional analysis. We then generated profiles of several interesting metabolites that are important to fruit quality including pigmentation and sweetness. Integrative analysis of metabolite and digital gene expression profiles helped elucidating molecular mechanisms governing these important quality-related traits during watermelon fruit development.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have generated a large collection of watermelon ESTs, which represents a significant expansion of the current transcript catalog of watermelon and a valuable resource for future studies on the genomics of watermelon and other closely-related species. Digital expression analysis of this EST collection allowed us to identify a large set of genes that were differentially expressed during watermelon fruit development and ripening, which provide a rich source of candidates for future functional analysis and represent a valuable increase in our knowledge base of watermelon fruit biology.</p

Land Suitability Evaluation of Coffee in Tokunoshima Island, Japan

Japan is the 3rd largest importer and consumer of coffee in the world. Considering have many demands of coffee, Japan is looking alternatives for improving to growing and the productivity of coffee. The research was aimed to assessment land suitability class for (arabica and robusta) coffee and land suitability evaluation of coffee. 3 soil samplings were collected from the study area. Matching method is used to evaluate the land suitability with parameter: temperature, elevation, rainfall, slope, pH, and nitrogen. The results showed that climate and physical condition of land area very suitable to grow robusta crops, and its level appropriateness is S1 (highly suitable). However, typhoon is problem in every year for growing coffee crops, but it can be handling by planting protecting crops

Pengaruh Pemberian Amelioran terhadap Laju Infiltrasi pada Tanah Psamment dan Pertumbuhan Serta Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ameliorant terhadap laju infiltrasi tanah serta pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays) pada Psamment. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Katapiang, Kecamatan Batang Anai Padang Pariaman, dan analisis tanah di laboratorium Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Oktober 2018 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan statistik dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DNMRT taraf 5% untuk nilai F yang berbeda nyata. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah A = Kontrol, B = Mulsa jerami padi (10 ton/ha), C= Biochar sekam padi (20 ton/ha), D = liat (20 ton/ha), E = Mulsa jerami padi (10 ton/ha) + liat (20 ton/ha), F =Mulsa jerami padi (10 ton/ha) + Biochar sekam padi (20 ton/ha), G = Biochar sekam padi (20 ton/ha) +liat (20 ton/ha), H = Mulsa jerami padi (10 ton/ha) + Biochar sekam padi (20 ton/ha) +liat (20 ton/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan perlakuan kombinasi biochar sekam padi, tanah liat, dan mulsa jerami padi terdapat peningkatan tertinggi terhadap nilai TRP yaitu sebesar 23,23%, kandungan bahan organik sebesar 2,78%, dan kadar air tanah sebesar 6%, dan penurunan nilai BV sebesar 0,47 g/cm3. Penurunan nilai laju infiltrasi tertinggi berada pada perlakuan kombinasi mulsa jerami padi, liat dan biochar sekam padi dengan nilai sebesar 506,6 mm/jam dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 994,7 mm/jam, namun masih dalam kriteria yang sama. Penambahan pelakuan kombinasi mulsa jerami padi, liat dan biochar sekam padi pada Psamment dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman jagung sebesar 11,05 kg/plot jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol sebesar 6,72 kg/plot

TRANSFORMASI KARAKTERISTIK TANAH SAWAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN EMAS DI KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG SUMATERA BARAT

The process of physical and chemical properties of the former gold mining soil which is caused by the transformation of different land conditions in natural rice fields, reclaimed rice fields, and mine fields. This study aims to determine the differences in the characteristics of the former gold mining soil in natural rice fields, reclaimed rice fields and mining fields in Sijunjung Regency. There were three sampling locations with three sample points each and the samples were analyzed physically and chemically. Results of this study showed that natural paddy soil has optimal conditions for the growth of rice plants followed by reclaimed lowland soil and the worst was in mining paddy soil based on soil physical and chemical properties. The difference in soil physical properties in the form of natural paddy soil texture was smoother compared to land conditions in reclaimed rice fields and mining rice fields. This was due to intensive inundation processes, which created a plough tread layer, low volume weight accompanied by a moderate total pore space. The difference in chemical properties was in the stable pH of natural paddy soil due to inundation and high organic carbon accompanied by rice reclamation and very low organic carbon in mining soils, which would affect the growth of rice plant.</jats:p