Impossible protest: noborders in Calais

Since the closure of the Red Cross refugee reception centre in Sangatte, undocumented migrants in Calais hoping to cross the border to Britain have been forced to take refuge in a number of squatted migrant camps, locally known by all as ‘the jungles.’ Unauthorised shanty-like residences built by the migrants themselves, living conditions in the camps are very poor. In June 2009, European ‘noborder’ activists set up a week-long protest camp in the area with the intention of confronting the authorities over their treatment of undocumented migrants. In this article, we analyse the June 2009 noborder camp as an instance of ‘immigrant protest.’ Drawing on ethnographic materials and Jacques Rancière's work on politics and aesthetics, we construct a typology of forms of border control through which to analyse the different ways in which the politics of the noborder camp were staged, performed and policed. Developing a critique of policing practices which threatened to make immigrant protest ‘impossible’, we highlight moments of protest which, through the affirmation of an ‘axiomatic’ equality, disrupted and disarticulated the borders between citizens and non-citizens, the political and non-political

Relevance of pharmacogenomics for developing countries in Europe : implementation in the Maltese population

Pharmacogenomics is a promising new discipline that can realize personalized treatment for patients suffering from many common diseases, particularly those with multiple treatment modalities. Recent advances in the deciphering of the human genome sequence and high throughput genotyping technology have led to the reduction of the overall genotyping costs and enabled the inclusion of genotype-related dosing recommendations into drug package inserts, hence allowing the integration of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Although, pharmacogenomics gradually assumes an integral part in mainstream medical practice in developed countries, many countries, particularly from the developing world, still do not have access either to the knowledge or the resources to individualize drug treatment. The PharmacoGenetics for Every Nation Initiative (PGENI) aims to fill in this gap, by making pharmacogenomics globally applicable, not only by defining population-specific pharmacogenomic marker frequency profiles and formulating country-specific recommendations for drug efficacy and safety but also by increasing general public and healthcare professionals’ awareness over pharmacogenomics and genomic medicine. This article highlights the PGENI activities in Europe and its implementation in the Maltese population, in an effort to make pharmacogenomics readily applicable in European healthcare systems.peer-reviewe

Space networks: towards hodological space design for urban man, starting with a cognitive / perceptual notation

The main purpose of this thesis on Space Networks is to make a contribution to urban design0A iming at the level of the urban designer's or architect's prestructure (after the site has been seen,and before any plan/section/elevation drawings are done),it is meant for those designers involved in res earth themselves,and who accept the idea that they are,in a way, the first users of what they design.The additional purpose is to provide a sociological, psychological,and spatial scale context for dynamic design. Space is looked upon as a network.Where the space-of-possible- movement (taking the shortest/most agreable/most energy demanding/etc way, depending whether you are in a hurry/strolling/exercising yourself/etc respectively) is called Hodological Space.Movement --through-space-with-intention is used as a generator for design.We start with a proposed cognitive/perceptual notation of four spatial conceptual components: First with Section-Perspective (by which we do away with the facades,and considering the building not in isolation ---in the form of an endless isometric). Then the Tube (employing the anticipation,cognitively,of the projecting brain of man for his path of action),and also the Sequential (progressive sequences) and Binary (visual contrasts of 'wholes')- -these perceived as man moves through his Hodological space.There are six Chapters and an Appendix.Chapter I is introductory,and its three parts are extended in the Chapters that follow: Movement Through Space in Chapters 3 and 4,Space- Movement Notation in Chapters 5 and 6,and the Intended Fieldwork And Pilot Questionnaires in the Appendix.In Chapter 2 the clarifying distinction is made between space for activity and space for profit.Which issue,far from a refinement,shifts the problem back to where it belongs: the society values --of which the designer himself partakes. ln Chapter 3 man is not seen from the stimulus -response,but the cognitive psychology side: not passive,but projecting his intentions into his environment --and if it goes a bit too far in that direction it is in compensation for the opposite view.ln Chapter 4 a comprehensive classification of space,into Hodological,Ambient,and Personal,is made for the designer's understanding and use.All three spaces are more fundamental to him than Euclidean space which is significant only in relation to them.ln Chapter 5 the four-component Notation is a rticulated into the cognitive /perceptual anthropological model of cognitive anticipation (see Tube),and perceptual experience (see Sequential and Binary),together with a comparative discussion of the other notatorst work,ranging between the scales of landscape design (Halprin) and microspace behaviour (Hall),In Chapter 6 the proposition of using the present anthropological model of a cognitive /perceptual notation of design-for-movement has been taken up as a process employed in experimental design.The program of designing for Hodological space --as well as for Ambient space which accompanies progress through Hodological space --links psychological research to design for the pedestrian

Учебная история болезни по внутренним болезням и военно-полевой терапии

ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИВОЕННО-ПОЛЕВАЯ ТЕРАПИЯИСТОРИЯ БОЛЕЗНИМЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯМетодические указания учат студентов правильно оформлять историю болезни пациента

The identification and analysis of making-do waste: insights from two Brazilian construction sites

Making-do has been pointed out as an important category of waste in the construction industry. It refers to a situation in which a task starts or continues without having available all the inputs required for its completion, such as materials, machinery, tools, personnel, external conditions, and information. By contrast, the literature points out that improvisation is a ubiquitous human practice even in highly structured business organizations, and plays an important role when rules and methods fail. The aim of this paper is to provide some insights on the nature of making-do as a type of waste, based on two exploratory case studies carried out on construction sites. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with the identification of different categories of making-do and its main causes. This paper also discusses some strategies for reducing making-do on construction sites

In the wake of austerity: social impact bonds and the financialisation of the welfare state in Britain

This paper provides an analysis of the financialisation of the British welfare state. In a continuation of neo-liberal privatisation and labour market activation, the financialised welfare state pursues a policy of welfare retrenchment, while engaging in forms of social engineering aimed at producing self-responsibilised individuals and communities who are financially literate, ‘investment-ready’ and economically productive. New financial instruments such as social impact bonds are deployed to these ends, both to ‘solve social problems’ and enable cost saving. Through the use of such financial instruments, the implementation of regulatory infrastructures and tax incentives, the financialised welfare state becomes a vehicle for the transfer of wealth from the public to private investors, while subjecting the domain of social policy to the vicissitudes of global financial markets. This paper offers a critique of these developments, situating the case of Britain within the broader global context and with regard to the implications for understanding the current political economy of the welfare state

Marine geology data accessibility in the European Framework: The I.G.M.E. participation in the GEO-SEAS project.

Το Ινστιτούτο Γεωλογικών και Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, κατά τη διάρκεια περισσοτέρων από 30 χρόνων συμμετοχής σε διάφορα έργα και ερευνητικά προγράμματα, έχει σημαντική δράση στον τομέα της Υποθαλάσσιας Γεωλογίας, με αποτέλεσμα τη συλλογή ενός τεράστιου αριθμού δεδομένων. Για να καταστούν τα δεδομένα αυτά διαθέσιμα στην διεθνή επιστημονική κοινότητα ήταν επιτακτική η ανάγκη τυποποίησης και εναρμόνισής τους. Για το σκοπό αυτό το ΙΓΜΕ, μαζί με 25 ακόμη κέντρα, από 17 χώρες, που διαθέτουν γεωλογικά και γεωφυσικά δεδομένα από τον θαλάσσιο χώρο, συμμετείχε στο έργο GEO  -SEAS    που αφορούσε στη δημιουργία μιας ηλεκτρονικής υποδομής. Οι δράσεις του έργου στόχευαν στο να έχουν οι τελικοί χρήστες τη δυνατότητα αναζήτησης και πρόσβασης σε πανευρωπαϊκά, εναρμονισμένα και σύμφωνα με τα διεθνή πρότυπα δεδομένα υποθαλάσσιας γεωλογίας, μέσω μίας ενιαίας διαδικτυακής πύλης. Όλα τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα του ΙΓΜΕ εναρμονίστηκαν με βάση τους κανόνες και τα πρότυπα που ορίστηκαν στα πλαίσια του έργου GEO  -SEAS. Παράχθηκαν λεπτομερή  αρχεία μεταδεδομένων που συνοδεύονται από τα αντίστοιχα αρχεία δεδομένων. Η τυποποίηση, εναρμόνιση και διάθεση των δεδομένων, όπως καθορίστηκε μέσα από το έργο    GEO  -SEAS   , είναι σε πλήρη συμφωνία με τις Οδηγίες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης καθώς και τα πρότυπα που χρησιμοποιούνται σε άλλα προγράμματα διάθεσης δεδομένων σε Ευρωπαϊκές και διεθνής κλίμακες.During more than 30 years of activity and participation in numerous research projects, the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Greece has carried out extensive work in marine geology and a vast amount of data has been collected. In order for those data to be available and used by the international scientific community, a need for standardization and harmonization was imminent. Towards this scope IGME, along with 25 other marine geological and geophysical data centres, located in 17 European maritime countries, participated in the GEO-SEAS project: the implementation of an e-infrastructure. The aim of the project was to enable users to identify, locate and access pan-European, harmonised and federated marine geological and geophysical datasets and derived data products held by the data centres through a single common data portal. All available data have been harmonized according to the GEO-SEAS guidelines and standards. Detailed metadata files were created, accompanied by the corresponding data and additional information files. The standardization, harmonization and provision of data and metadata, carried out through the GEO-SEAS project, are aligned with European directives and recent large-scale framework programs on global and European scales.

Investigating the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise on microvascular reactivity and quality of life in systemic sclerosis patients: study protocol for a feasibility study

Background: Raynaud’s phenomenon is one of the first clinical manifestations observed in systemic sclerosis (SSc). This microvasculature disorder affects mostly the digits in over 95% of SSc patients, significantly affecting their healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) and incurring higher hospital admissions and other healthcare costs. Exercise is known to improve both micro- and macrovascular function – aerobic exercise and resistance training, separately or combined, have been demonstrated to lead to significant vasculo-physiological improvements in conditions that present vasculopathy. However, the effects of a combined exercise programme on microcirculation in SSc patients has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with circuit resistance training on the microvascular function in the digital area of SSc patients. Methods: This will be a randomised controlled, feasibility trial with two arms, wherein 30 patients with SSc in receipt of medical treatment will be randomly assigned to usual care (medical treatment) or to a 12-week supervised exercise programme. Patients in the exercise group will undertake two, 45-min sessions each week consisting of 30 min HIIT (30 s 100% peak power output/30 s passive recovery) on the arm crank ergometer and 15 min of upper body circuit resistance training. Patients will be assessed before as well as at 3 and 6 months following randomisation. Primary outcomes of the study will be recruitment and retention rate, intervention acceptability and adherence to the exercise programme. Secondary outcomes include the digital area cutaneous microvascular function (laser Doppler fluximetry combined with iontophoresis), physical fitness, functional ability, upper back transcutaneous oxygen tension, body composition and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Selected interviews with a subsample of patients will be undertaken to explore their experiences of having Raynaud’s phenomenon and the acceptability of the exercise intervention and study procedures. Discussion: Data from this study will be used to identify the feasibility of a combined exercise programme to be implemented in SSc patients, the acceptability of the intervention and the study design, and to determine the effects of exercise on the microvasculature. Overall, this study will provide sufficient data to inform and support a full multicentre clinical trial

Marine geology data accessibility in the European Framework: The I.G.M.E. participation in the GEO-SEAS project.

Το Ινστιτούτο Γεωλογικών και Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, κατά τη διάρκεια περισσοτέρων από 30 χρόνων συμμετοχής σε διάφορα έργα και ερευνητικά προγράμματα, έχει σημαντική δράση στον τομέα της Υποθαλάσσιας Γεωλογίας, με αποτέλεσμα τη συλλογή ενός τεράστιου αριθμού δεδομένων. Για να καταστούν τα δεδομένα αυτά διαθέσιμα στην διεθνή επιστημονική κοινότητα ήταν επιτακτική η ανάγκη τυποποίησης και εναρμόνισής τους. Για το σκοπό αυτό το ΙΓΜΕ, μαζί με 25 ακόμη κέντρα, από 17 χώρες, που διαθέτουν γεωλογικά και γεωφυσικά δεδομένα από τον θαλάσσιο χώρο, συμμετείχε στο έργο GEO  -SEAS    που αφορούσε στη δημιουργία μιας ηλεκτρονικής υποδομής. Οι δράσεις του έργου στόχευαν στο να έχουν οι τελικοί χρήστες τη δυνατότητα αναζήτησης και πρόσβασης σε πανευρωπαϊκά, εναρμονισμένα και σύμφωνα με τα διεθνή πρότυπα δεδομένα υποθαλάσσιας γεωλογίας, μέσω μίας ενιαίας διαδικτυακής πύλης. Όλα τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα του ΙΓΜΕ εναρμονίστηκαν με βάση τους κανόνες και τα πρότυπα που ορίστηκαν στα πλαίσια του έργου GEO  -SEAS. Παράχθηκαν λεπτομερή  αρχεία μεταδεδομένων που συνοδεύονται από τα αντίστοιχα αρχεία δεδομένων. Η τυποποίηση, εναρμόνιση και διάθεση των δεδομένων, όπως καθορίστηκε μέσα από το έργο    GEO  -SEAS   , είναι σε πλήρη συμφωνία με τις Οδηγίες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης καθώς και τα πρότυπα που χρησιμοποιούνται σε άλλα προγράμματα διάθεσης δεδομένων σε Ευρωπαϊκές και διεθνής κλίμακες.During more than 30 years of activity and participation in numerous research projects, the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Greece has carried out extensive work in marine geology and a vast amount of data has been collected. In order for those data to be available and used by the international scientific community, a need for standardization and harmonization was imminent. Towards this scope IGME, along with 25 other marine geological and geophysical data centres, located in 17 European maritime countries, participated in the GEO-SEAS project: the implementation of an e-infrastructure. The aim of the project was to enable users to identify, locate and access pan-European, harmonised and federated marine geological and geophysical datasets and derived data products held by the data centres through a single common data portal. All available data have been harmonized according to the GEO-SEAS guidelines and standards. Detailed metadata files were created, accompanied by the corresponding data and additional information files. The standardization, harmonization and provision of data and metadata, carried out through the GEO-SEAS project, are aligned with European directives and recent large-scale framework programs on global and European scales.