Robust Visible Light Photoswitching with Ortho-Thiol Substituted Azobenzenes

Introduction of S-ethyl groups in all four ortho positions of azobenzene prevents reduction of the azo group by intracellular glutathione, while enhancing the absorptivity to ∼10000 M−1 cm−1 in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum. cis-to-trans isomerization occurs thermally on the minutes timescale. Further, this substitution pattern permits switching with red light, a color that is more penetrating through biological tissues than other parts of the visible spectrum

Deriving a Provisional Tolerable Intake for Intravenous Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Released from Medical Devices

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are incorporated into medical devices for their anti-microbial characteristics. The potential exposure and toxicity of AgNPs is unknown due to varying physicochemical particle properties and lack of toxicological data. The aim of this safety assessment is to derive a provisional tolerable intake (pTI) value for AgNPs released from blood-contacting medical devices. A literature review of in vivo studies investigating critical health effects induced from intravenous (i. v.) exposure to AgNPs was evaluated by the Annapolis Accords principles and Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool (ToxRTool). The point of departure (POD) was based on an i. v. 28-day repeated AgNP (20 nm) dose toxicity study reporting an increase in relative spleen weight in rats with a 5% lower confidence bound of the benchmark dose (BMDL05) of 0.14 mg/kg bw/day. The POD was extrapolated to humans by a modifying factor of 1,000 to account for intraspecies variability, interspecies differences and lack of long-term toxicity data. The pTI for long-term i. v. exposure to 20 nm AgNPs released from blood-contacting medical devices was 0.14 μg/kg bw/day. This pTI may not be appropriate for nanoparticles of other physicochemical properties or routes of administration. The methodology is appropriate for deriving pTIs for nanoparticles in general

Can saliva offer an advantage in monitoring of diabetes mellitus?: a case control study

Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is emerging as a major health problem over these years. Present method of blood glucose monitoring by venepuncture is invasive leading to reduced patient compliance and thereby ineffective judicious monitoring. The need of the hour is to direct research in the direction of establishing painless and more acceptable blood glucose analysis method.The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the concentrations of salivary glucose and blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Study Design: This study assessed glucose levels using the glucose oxidase method in blood and unstimulated sali - va in 90 subjects who were divided into 3 equal groups of controlled type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. Statistical analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA, Post hoc Tukeys tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Results: Salivary glucose levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes than controls. There was a signi - ficant positive correlation between salivary and plasma glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Conclusions: Glucose concentration in saliva is higher in diabetics but hyperglycemia does not influence salivary glucose levels. Further clarification is required to claim the diagnostic potentials of saliva in diabetes

A NEW PARALLEL INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION ALGORITHM FOR RAKE SYSTEMS

In order to suppres the multi-path interference (MPI) in the DS CDMA system, a new RAKE receiver based on parallel interference elimination is first proposed in this paper data symbol tentative decision is obtained by linear decision; the multi-path interference are evaluated by tentative decision and known user information. Then the performance over Rayleigh fading channel are analyzed and compared to conventional parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and RAKE receiver. It is shown that RAKE receiver performance can be improved greatly by using this method with simple structure and easy implementation

Approximation Algorithm for Line Segment Coverage for Wireless Sensor Network

The coverage problem in wireless sensor networks deals with the problem of covering a region or parts of it with sensors. In this paper, we address the problem of covering a set of line segments in sensor networks. A line segment ` is said to be covered if it intersects the sensing regions of at least one sensor distributed in that region. We show that the problem of finding the minimum number of sensors needed to cover each member in a given set of line segments in a rectangular area is NP-hard. Next, we propose a constant factor approximation algorithm for the problem of covering a set of axis-parallel line segments. We also show that a PTAS exists for this problem.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

A Thorough Insight to Techniques for Performance Evaluation in Biological Sensors

The biological sensor has played a significant and contributory role in the area of medical science and healthcare industry. Owing to critical healthcare usage, it is essential that such type of sensors should be highly robust, sustainable under the adverse condition and highly fault tolerant against any forms of possible system failure in future. A massive amount of research work has been done in the area of the sensor network. However, works done in biological sensors are quite less in number. Hence, this manuscript highlights all the significant research work towards the line of discussion for evaluating the effective in the techniques for performance evaluation of biological sensor. The study finally explores the problems and discusses it under research gap. Finally, the manuscript gives highlights of the future direction of the work to solve the research gap explored from the proposed review of the existing system

Multiple myeloma with primary manifestation in the mandible: a case report

Plasma cell neoplasms (multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma of bone and extra medullar plasmocytoma) are characterized by a monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells that causes osteolytic lesions in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bone, skull and jaw. We report a case of a 69-year-old male patient who presented with a tumefaction in the body of mandible, which had evolved over the previous two months. In the radiographic examination, an extensive osteolytic lesion was observed in the body of mandible. An incisional biopsy was performed and histopathological study revealed a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm formed by plasmacytoid cells. Knowledge about the maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma is important for the early diagnosis of the disease, since its primary form can manifest itself in the jaw

The crystal structure of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde

In the title imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative, C19H14ClN3OS, the 4-methylbenzyl and chlorophenyl rings are inclined to the planar imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moiety (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) by 64.5 (1) and 3.7 (1)°, respectively. The molecular structure is primarily stabilized by a strong intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond, leading to the formation of a pseudo-seven-memberedS(7) ring motif, and a short intramolecular C—H...N contact forming anS(5) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are linked by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, forming chains propagating along [110].</jats:p

Estimation of salivary cortisol level in post-menopausal women with psychosomatic disorders

Background: Stress is an undesirable or health threatening response of the body, which is brought on by deleterious external influences (stressors). Objective measurement of psychosocial stress helps in assessment of pivotal role of stress in precipitation of multitude of health problems and a solution to the same. Salivary biomarkers are suggested to provide a reliable and non-invasive method for the estimation of these general health problems. Salivary cortisol is such biomarker used as tool in the examination of human physiological stress response. Post-menopausal women show an increase in stress levels and hence suffer with multiple health related problems. Hence the present study aimed to estimate salivary cortisol levels in post-menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders of the head and neck region, so as to establish salivary cortisol as a biochemical indicator of stress.Methods: Thorough intra-oral and extra-oral examination was performed to check for the presence of psychosomatic disorder of head and neck. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 100 post-menopausal women with and 100 without clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders through ‘Spit Technique’. Salivary cortisol was estimated using ELISA method.Results: The results were statistically significant as they showed that the salivary cortisol was in higher levels in post- menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders.Conclusion: The geriatric patients feel that they have very little skills or resources to deal with the high levels of stress that they are experiencing and hence suffer from lack of self-worth. The results of this study recommend that stress evaluation should be done on a regular basis for all post- menopausal women. For individuals who do not reveal their psychological distress, salivary analysis of cortisol may be used as an aid to diagnose their situation in conjunction with clinical diagnosis.Keywords: Post-menopausal women, psychosomatic disorder, head and neck, salivary cortisol, biomarker

Clinical and Radiographic Features of Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: A Case Report

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome, also called as Gorlin Gotz syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) of the jaw, basal cell carcinomas and skeletal anomalies. Presence of multiple OKCs is the first clinical manifestation in majority of the cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in reducing the severity of this syndrome. We hereby report a rare case of Gorlin Goltz syndrome in a 28 years old female patient who presented with multiple cystic lesions in the jaws. Present case also highlights the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of this uncommon syndrome