Evaluation of Non-Conventional Fertilizers On The Growth Response of Zinnia Seedlings

ABSTRACT :Plants are the precious gift given by nature to mankind. The commercial important of flowers has been realized throughout the world and today floriculture has developed into an intensive form of agriculture. Flowers and gardens have for long been important in India , for three main considerations namely aesthetic , Economic and Social. Zinnia has many types depending mainly on the shape and size of flower , plant height and cultivars in each type varying in flower colour. India is endowed with natural wealth of plant materials, which are of great horticultural and floricultural importantand significance. Maintaining adequate quantities of nutrients in soil or growing media is important .Nitrogen , Phosphorous and Potash are required in relatively large amount while most other nutrients are needed in only in small amounts. KEYWORDS :Commercial , intense , shape , consideration , natural , materials , nutrient , economic , horticultural . I.INTRODUCTION Developed countries account for more than 90 per cent of the total world trade in floricultural products. Various minerals and fertilizers have a profound influence on the yield and quality through their effect on production. The increasing demand for cut flowers like zinnia, rose, anthurium, gladiolus, orchids etc., force the floriculture in India to import large quantities of flowers and seeds. The present investigation facilitate the usage of several items, which are a waste in normal course but turned into value by using it in a proper and at proper condition. The present investigations carried out by a small attempt in understanding the influence of certain well established plant growth regulators and bio fertilizers on growth and development. II.EXPERIMENTAL 2.1.Effect of soil administration of different concentrations of sheep's urine and it's combination with fermented gingelly cake and groundnut cake. Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium on the growth of zinnia seedlings. 15 days old zinnia seedlings were transplanted to polythene bags (9x12") containing the mixture of sand and well decomposed cowdung (1). They were divided into one control (A) and three experimental groups (B), (C) and (D). The experimental groups received soil administration of different concentration of sheep's urine (100%, 50%, 25%) and combination of 50ml 25% sheep's urine +50ml 5% gingelly cake and groundnut cake, 50ml 1% Azospirillum +50ml 25% sheep's urine and 50ml 1% Phosphobacterium + 50ml 25% sheep's urine Once in a week for continuous three weeks. Control (A) seedlings received water treatment only. The growth parameters were recorded after five weeks from the date of transplantation. 2.2.Effect of soil administration of different concentrations of sheep's blood and its combination with fermented gingelly cake and ground nut cake, Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium on the growth of zinnia seedlings

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activities of Co(II) and Ni(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes

2,4-Dinitrophynylhydrazine and two thiocyanate ions in a (M:L1:L2) 1:2:2 molar ratio was synthesized in the complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II). The prepared compounds were identified through a C.H.N.S. analysis, conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the infrared spectrum, and a UV-visible spectrum analysis, in addition to the magnetic properties being measured. The measurements of the molar conductance implieda nonelectrolytic nature of compounds Co(II) and Ni(II). The magnetic susceptibility, as well as electronic spectra, represented all the metal complexesthroughoctahedral geometry, respectively. The PXRD patterns suggested that all the complexes were an orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters. The in-vitro biological activity of the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against the Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as the fungal species of Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.Thus, the metal complexes showeda high efficiency of antimicrobial activity compared with the ligand. Furthermore, applications of the ligand, as well as the metal complexes, were tested for in-vitro antioxidant potential in aDPPH assay. The results showed that the activity of the metal complexes with the in-vitro antioxidant was more active than that of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activities of Co(II) and Ni(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes

2,4-Dinitrophynylhydrazine and two thiocyanate ions in a (M:L1:L2) 1:2:2 molar ratio was synthesized in the complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II). The prepared compounds were identified through a C.H.N.S. analysis, conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the infrared spectrum, and a UV-visible spectrum analysis, in addition to the magnetic properties being measured. The measurements of the molar conductance implieda nonelectrolytic nature of compounds Co(II) and Ni(II). The magnetic susceptibility, as well as electronic spectra, represented all the metal complexesthroughoctahedral geometry, respectively. The PXRD patterns suggested that all the complexes were an orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters. The in-vitro biological activity of the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against the Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as the fungal species of Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.Thus, the metal complexes showeda high efficiency of antimicrobial activity compared with the ligand. Furthermore, applications of the ligand, as well as the metal complexes, were tested for in-vitro antioxidant potential in aDPPH assay. The results showed that the activity of the metal complexes with the in-vitro antioxidant was more active than that of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH).</jats:p