All separable supersymmetric AdS5_5 black holes

We consider the classification of supersymmetric black hole solutions to five-dimensional STU gauged supergravity that admit torus symmetry. This reduces to a problem in toric K\"ahler geometry on the base space. We introduce the class of separable toric K\"ahler surfaces that unify product-toric, Calabi-toric and orthotoric K\"ahler surfaces, together with an associated class of separable 2-forms. We prove that any supersymmetric toric solution that is timelike, with a separable K\"ahler base space and Maxwell fields, outside a horizon with a compact (locally) spherical cross-section, must be locally isometric to the known black hole or its near-horizon geometry. An essential part of the proof is a near-horizon analysis which shows that the only possible separable K\"ahler base space is Calabi-toric. In particular, this also implies that our previous black hole uniqueness theorem for minimal gauged supergravity applies to the larger class of separable K\"ahler base spaces

All separable supersymmetric AdS5_5 black holes

We consider the classification of supersymmetric black hole solutions to five-dimensional STU gauged supergravity that admit torus symmetry. This reduces to a problem in toric K\"ahler geometry on the base space. We introduce the class of separable toric K\"ahler surfaces that unify product-toric, Calabi-toric and orthotoric K\"ahler surfaces, together with an associated class of separable 2-forms. We prove that any supersymmetric toric solution that is timelike, with a separable K\"ahler base space and Maxwell fields, outside a horizon with a compact (locally) spherical cross-section, must be locally isometric to the known black hole or its near-horizon geometry. An essential part of the proof is a near-horizon analysis which shows that the only possible separable K\"ahler base space is Calabi-toric. In particular, this also implies that our previous black hole uniqueness theorem for minimal gauged supergravity applies to the larger class of separable K\"ahler base spaces.Comment: 47 pages, 1 figur

On the uniqueness of supersymmetric AdS5_5 black holes with toric symmetry

We consider the classification of supersymmetric AdS$_5$ black hole solutions to minimal gauged supergravity that admit a torus symmetry. This problem reduces to finding a class of toric K\"ahler metrics on the base space, which in symplectic coordinates are determined by a symplectic potential. We derive the general form of the symplectic potential near any component of the horizon or axis of symmetry, which determines its singular part for any black hole solution in this class, including possible new solutions such as black lenses and multi-black holes. We find that the most general known black hole solution in this context, found by Chong, Cvetic, L\"u and Pope (CCLP), is described by a remarkably simple symplectic potential. We prove that any supersymmetric and toric solution that is timelike outside a smooth horizon, with a K\"ahler base metric of Calabi type, must be the CCLP black hole solution or its near-horizon geometry

COVID-19 infection is a significant risk factor for death in patients presenting with acute cholecystitis: a secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W cohort study

Background: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a surge in cases of acute cholecystitis. The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported a higher incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Through this secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W study data, we aim to identify significant risk factors for mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of COVID-19 infection in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.” Methods: The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported data from 2546 patients collected at 218 centers from 42 countries admitted with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Sixty-four of them died. Nonparametric statistical univariate analysis was performed to compare patients who died and patients who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a logistic regression model to define factors predicting mortality. Results: The significant independent factors that predicted death in the logistic regression model with were COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and type (open/laparoscopic) of surgical intervention (p = 0.003). The odds of death increased 5 times with the COVID-19 infection, 6 times in the presence of complications, and it was reduced by 86% with adequate source control. Survivors predominantly underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (52.3% vs. 23.4%). Conclusions: COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the cornerstone of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients

COVID-19 infection is a significant risk factor for death in patients presenting with acute cholecystitis: a secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W cohort study

Background: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a surge in cases of acute cholecystitis. The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported a higher incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Through this secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W study data, we aim to identify significant risk factors for mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of COVID-19 infection in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.” Methods: The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported data from 2546 patients collected at 218 centers from 42 countries admitted with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Sixty-four of them died. Nonparametric statistical univariate analysis was performed to compare patients who died and patients who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a logistic regression model to define factors predicting mortality. Results: The significant independent factors that predicted death in the logistic regression model with were COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), postoperative complications (p < 0.001), and type (open/laparoscopic) of surgical intervention (p = 0.003). The odds of death increased 5 times with the COVID-19 infection, 6 times in the presence of complications, and it was reduced by 86% with adequate source control. Survivors predominantly underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (52.3% vs. 23.4%). Conclusions: COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the cornerstone of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients

Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography for the identification of the parathyroid glands: Current evidence and future perspectives

Background/Aim: Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been used for the identification of the parathyroid glands (PG) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, an overall consensus on the optimal technique, the dosage, the timing of the ICG administration and finally its interpretation and clinical usefulness is still lacking evidence. The aim of this review is to investigate the use of ICG angiography during thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy for identification as well as for the perfusion integrity of the parathyroid glands. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was systematically searched for publications regarding intraoperative ICG imaging in patients that undergo thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. Results: Eighteen publications reporting on 612 patients, namely 71 parathyroidectomy and 541 thyroidectomy patients met the inclusion criteria. Eleven publications reported the use of ICG angiography for the identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and seven during parathyroidectomy for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Conclusion: ICG fluorescence imaging is a simple, fast and reproducible method capable of intraoperatively visualizing and assessing the function of parathyroid glands, and can, therefore, assist surgeons in their decision-making. Despite all this, ICG fluorescence imaging technique for PG detection still lacks standardization and further studies are needed to establish its clinical utility. © 2020 International Institute of Anticancer Research. All rights reserved