Pradesh (India).

In the present work, bio-conversion studies were performed on gallic acid, an important precursor for pharmaceutical industries engaged in manufacture of trimethoprim. Microbiological hydrolysis of two gallotanin rich substrates Chebulic myrobalan and Emblic myrobalan was studied by two fungal strains Aspergillus niger MTCC 281 and Rhizopus oryzae MTCC 1987. Comparative studies were performed using shake flask technique in different variations; high yield of gallic acid was produced by Aspergillus niger from Chebulic myrobalan. This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.ne

Cytosorb® haemoadsorption: a potential game changer for patients needing myocardial surgical revascularisation

Cytosorb, an extracorporeal blood purification system, utilises the principles of haemoadsorption to remove low molecular weight substances from the blood, including multiple cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α, and anti-platelet drugs aiming to improve clinical outcomes. Given the prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory states, Cytosorb has seen growing application as a therapeutic immunomodulator including surgery. This review focuses on the effects of the use of Cytosorb in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the indications of removal of cytokines and anti-platelet agents such as ticagrelor. The evidence supports the feasibility and safety profile of Cytosorb, with no device-related adverse events reported in all studies. Initial studies suggest significant potential for Cytosorb in urgent or emergency CABG surgery to remove anti-platelet medication with promising benefits on clinical outcomes including fewer blood product transfusions, decreased length of intensive care unit stay, and lower re-sternotomy rates. Furthermore, a cost saving analysis indicated that intraoperative removal of ticagrelor with Cytosorb would be cost effective in the setting of emergency cardiac surgery. However, the evidence remains inconclusive when Cytosorb is used in elective CABG surgery for cytokine removal. Definite high quality clinical trials for both indications for Cytosorb in CABG surgery are needed to clarify if there is a clinically significant benefit in clinical outcomes. There is substantial trial activity for the application of Cytosorb in higher risk cardiac surgery to establish the place of Cytosorb in future treatment pathways in cardiac surgery.</jats:p

Cytosorb® haemoadsorption: a potential game changer for patients needing myocardial surgical revascularisation

Cytosorb, an extracorporeal blood purification system, utilises the principles of haemoadsorption to remove low molecular weight substances from the blood, including multiple cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α, and anti-platelet drugs aiming to improve clinical outcomes. Given the prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory states, Cytosorb has seen growing application as a therapeutic immunomodulator including surgery. This review focuses on the effects of the use of Cytosorb in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the indications of removal of cytokines and anti-platelet agents such as ticagrelor. The evidence supports the feasibility and safety profile of Cytosorb, with no device-related adverse events reported in all studies. Initial studies suggest significant potential for Cytosorb in urgent or emergency CABG surgery to remove anti-platelet medication with promising benefits on clinical outcomes including fewer blood product transfusions, decreased length of intensive care unit stay, and lower re-sternotomy rates. Furthermore, a cost saving analysis indicated that intraoperative removal of ticagrelor with Cytosorb would be cost effective in the setting of emergency cardiac surgery. However, the evidence remains inconclusive when Cytosorb is used in elective CABG surgery for cytokine removal. Definite high quality clinical trials for both indications for Cytosorb in CABG surgery are needed to clarify if there is a clinically significant benefit in clinical outcomes. There is substantial trial activity for the application of Cytosorb in higher risk cardiac surgery to establish the place of Cytosorb in future treatment pathways in cardiac surgery