Display of probability densities for data from a continuous distribution

Based on cumulative distribution functions, Fourier series expansion and Kolmogorov tests, we present a simple method to display probability densities for data drawn from a continuous distribution. It is often more efficient than using histograms.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, presented at Computer Simulation Studies XXIV, Athens, GA, 201

Effects of salting, drying, cooking, and smoking operations on volatile compound formation and color patterns in pork

The traditional small-scale production of boucané, a cured smoked pork-belly product from Réunion, involves several unit operations that are performed in a single step. The aim of this study was to highligh the impact of 4 unit operations (salting, drying, cooking, and smoking) on stability, color, and flavor development in processed pork. These characateristics are the 3 main criteria of boucané's quality. Mass transfer, color, and volatile compounds were measured, analyzed, and compared in 4 products. Results indicated that a major quantity of volatile compounds detected in the processed meat were derived from the smoking process. Color variations were mainly explained by muscle pigment modification due to the cooking process, and by the input of volatile compounds of smoke. (Résumé d'auteur

Annotation of the Corymbia terpene synthase gene family shows broad conservation but dynamic evolution of physical clusters relative to Eucalyptus

Terpenes are economically and ecologically important phytochemicals. Their synthesis is controlled by the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family, which is highly diversified throughout the plant kingdom. The plant family Myrtaceae are characterised by especially high terpene concentrations, and considerable variation in terpene profiles. Many Myrtaceae are grown commercially for terpene products including the eucalypts Corymbia and Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus grandis has the largest TPS gene family of plants currently sequenced, which is largely conserved in the closely related E. globulus. However, the TPS gene family has been well studied only in these two eucalypt species. The recent assembly of two Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata genomes presents an opportunity to examine the conservation of this important gene family across more divergent eucalypt lineages. Manual annotation of the TPS gene family in C. citriodora subsp. variegata revealed a similar overall number, and relative subfamily representation, to that previously reported in E. grandis and E. globulus. Many of the TPS genes were in physical clusters that varied considerably between Eucalyptus and Corymbia, with several instances of translocation, expansion/contraction and loss. Notably, there was greater conservation in the subfamilies involved in primary metabolism than those involved in secondary metabolism, likely reflecting different selective constraints. The variation in cluster size within subfamilies and the broad conservation between the eucalypts in the face of this variation are discussed, highlighting the potential contribution of selection, concerted evolution and stochastic processes. These findings provide the foundation to better understand terpene evolution within the ecologically and economically important Myrtaceae

Dynamical relativistic effects in quasielastic 1p-shell proton knockout from O-16

We have measured the cross section for quasielastic 1p-shell proton knockout in the O-16(e,e'p) reaction at omega = 0.439 GeV and Q(2) = 0.8 (GeV/c)(2) for missing momentum P-miss less than or equal to 355 MeV/c. We have extracted the response functions RL+TT, R-T, R-LT, and the left-right asymmetry, A(LT), for the 1p(1/2) and the 1p(3/2) states. The data are well described by relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation calculations. At large P-miss, the structure observed in A(LT) indicates the existence of dynamical relativistic effects

Dynamics of the O-16(e,e(l)p) reaction at high missing energies

We measured the cross section and response functions for the quasielastic O-16(e, e 'p) reaction for missing energies 25 less than or equal to E-m less than or equal to 120 MeV at missing momenta P-m less than or equal to 340 MeV/c. For 25 < E-m < 50 MeV and P-m approximate to 60 MeV/c, the reaction is dominated by a single ls(1/2) proton knockout. At larger P-m, the single-particle aspects are increasingly masked by more complicated processes. Calculations which include pion exchange currents, isobar currents, and short-range correlations account for the shape and the transversity, but for only half of the magnitude of the measured cross section

Polarization transfer in the O-16((e)over-right-arrow,e '(p)over-right-arrow)N-15 reaction

The first ((e) over right arrow ,e'(p) over right arrow) polarization transfer measurements on a nucleus heavier than deuterium have been carried out at Jefferson Laboratory. Transverse and longitudinal components of the polarization of protons ejected in the reaction O-16((e) over right arrow ,e'(p) over right arrow) were measured in quasielastic perpendicular kinematics at a Q(2) of 0.8 (GeV/c)(2). The data are in good agreement with state of the art calculations