Protective efficiacy of taurine against pulmonary edema progression: experimental study

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is an acute, rare and potentially lethal complication [1,2]. Its beginning is sudden and dramatic. The mechanism is not yet fully understood [1]. Some authors suggest that it may occur after rapid re-inflation of a collapsed lung [1]. It was reported by other authors that it may relate to surfactant depletion or may result from hypoxic capillary damage, leading to increased capillary permeability [1,3]. In RPE, unilateral lung injury is initiated by cytotoxic oxygen metabolites and temporally associated with an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils [1]. These toxic oxygen products are the results of re-oxygenation of a collapsed lung. Treatment of re-expansion pulmonary edema is basically preventive [4]

Protective efficiacy of taurine against pulmonary edema progression: experimental study

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is an acute, rare and potentially lethal complication [1,2]. Its beginning is sudden and dramatic. The mechanism is not yet fully understood [1]. Some authors suggest that it may occur after rapid re-inflation of a collapsed lung [1]. It was reported by other authors that it may relate to surfactant depletion or may result from hypoxic capillary damage, leading to increased capillary permeability [1,3]. In RPE, unilateral lung injury is initiated by cytotoxic oxygen metabolites and temporally associated with an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils [1]. These toxic oxygen products are the results of re-oxygenation of a collapsed lung. Treatment of re-expansion pulmonary edema is basically preventive [4]

Early Results of Combined and Staged Coronary Bypass and Carotid Endarterectomy in Advanced Age Patients in Single Centre

Aim: In present study, we aimed to compare the staged and combined surgery in patients with severe carotid stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis and detect the factors affecting mortality and morbidity. Material and method: Between 2004 and 2008, 120 patients with predominant ischemic heart disease were enrolled to study. Patients were divided into three groups on basis surgery procedure. Group 1 (n=40) includeed patients had coronary artery disease without carotid disease underwent coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) operation. Group 2 (n=40): included patients underwent combined surgery procedure including CABG and carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Patients underwent staged CABG and CEA were enrolled to Group 3 (n=40). All patients were in advanced aged and were had the same risk factors atributable atherosclerosis Results: Mean age of the patients in all groups were 68 +/- 6, 69 +/- 3, 71 +/- 2 respectively, and 83% were male. Eight patients died in all groups at follow-up(seven in group 2 and 3, and one in group 1) and the difference between both groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The follow-up period in the intensive care unit, and hospitalization period were not statistically different between CABG group and combined CEA plus CABG group. Conclusion: We think that the results of staged or combined CABG plus CEA surgery are satisfactory in patients with severe carotid disease and advanced coronary artery disease. However, the mortality and morbidity in both procedures are higher than those of alone

Contribuição da biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto na avaliação de pneumopatias difusas e agudas em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica

Introdução: Os dados clínico-laboratoriais convencionais raramente fornecem o diagnóstico em pneumopatias difusas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel da biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto no que se refere ao seu potencial diagnóstico, ao impacto dos resultados sobre a conduta clínica e à incidência de complicações do procedimento. Material e métodos: No período de janeiro/1987 a janeiro/1997, 29 biópsias pulmonares foram realizadas em crianças com pneumopatias difusas, em insuficiência respiratória aguda, sem etiologia e sem resposta à terapêutica empírica prévia. Foram excluídos os recém-nascidos, crianças com pneumopatias crônicas prévias e crianças com coagulopatia ou choque intratáveis. Todas as biópsias foram realizadas através de microtoracotomia no pulmão mais acometido ao exame radiológico. O fragmento de tecido pulmonar foi analisado por meio de culturas e de exames de microscopia ótica, eletrônica e imunofluorescência. Resultados: O processamento do material da biópsia forneceu pelo menos um diagnóstico histopatológico em todas as crianças estudadas (100%) e em 20 (68,9%) obteve-se um diagnóstico etiológico. Os principais diagnósticos histopatológicos foram: pneumonite intersticial não específica com fibrose variável em 18 casos; bronquiolite em oito casos e hipertensão pulmonar em três casos. Nos diagnósticos etiológicos, os principais agentes foram: citomegalovírus em seis crianças; Pneumocystis carinii em três; adenovírus em três e infecção pelo vírus respiratório sincicial em três casos. Os resultados geraram mudanças no tratamento em 20 casos (68,9%). As principais alterações de conduta foram a introdução de corticoterapia em 14 pacientes e a revisão da antibioticoterapia em seis. Sete casos (24,1%) apresentaram complicações, que foram resolvidas, e nenhum óbito foi relacionado ao procedimento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto é um procedimento que, mesmo invasivo, deve ser considerado na avaliação de crianças com pneumopatias difusas graves, sem etiologia definida, sem resposta à terapêutica previamente instituída e em insuficiência respiratória.<br>Introduction: The diagnosis of diffuse lung disease is still a challenge for the pediatric intensive care physician. Routine clinical examinations and laboratory tests are frequently negative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential, the impact on therapy and the rate of complications of open lung biopsy in children with undiagnosed diffuse lung disease, respiratory failure and inappropriate response to initial therapy. Methods: From January 1987 to January 1997, 29 children with diffuse pulmonary disease of unknown etiology, respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 < 300) and no response to previous treatments were considered for open lung biopsy. Newborns, children with known chronic pulmonary disease and children with untreatable shock or coagulopathy were excluded. All biopsies were performed by a thoracic surgeon by a microthoracotomy in the lung shown to be the most affected by X-ray examination. Tissue samples were analyzed in terms of cultures, light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy, according to the pathologist's decision. Results: All biopsies (100%) resulted in at least one histological diagnosis and in 20 patients (68.9%) it was obtained a specific diagnosis. The most frequent histological patterns found were: non-specific interstitial pneumonitis with variable degrees of fibrosis in 18 cases; bronchiolitis in eight cases and pulmonary hypertension in three cases. Regarding the most frequent specific diagnosis, six children were found with cytomegalovirus infection, three with Pneumocystis carinii, three with adenovirus and three with respiratory syncytial virus infection. These data induced a change in therapy in 20 children (68.9%). The most frequent changes in therapy were the use of corticosteroids in 14 children and a review of the antibiotic regimen in six patients. Seven patients (24.1%) presented with complications that were easily resolved. There were 13 deaths, probably due to the critical conditions of these patients, all unrelated to the procedure. Conclusions: Open lung biopsy, though an invasive procedure, should be considered in the evaluation of selected children with undiagnosed diffuse lung disease, respiratory failure and with no satisfactory response to previous therapies