Effect of NaI doping on same physical characteristic of (PVA)0.9-(KHSO4)0.1 composite films

Electrolyte composite films of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)0.9 filled with potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4)0.1 with different concentration of sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared using solution caste technique. The absorption spectral analysis data were carred for the samples to determine the influence of NaI contents, the obtained data showed that the direct allowed optical energy gap of the films decreases from  to  with increasing NaI contents up to  weight. Furthermore, in order to understand the behavior of electrical conduction in these composite, the alternating electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity have been investigated for different concentration of NaI at temperature range  over the frequency ranging from  to . The electrical conductivity of the composite increased with increasing temperature and it obeys power law  in which s is in the range of . Keywords: Electrolyte composite, Optical constants, Dielectric constant, Energy gap, Electrical conductivity

Elongation, rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated shoots from mature material of hybrid larch

Factors were defined for elongation, rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated shoots of Larix x eurolepis Henry initiated from short shoot buds of plagiotropic stecklings serially propagated for 9 years from an 8-year-old tree. Initiation and multiplication were on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 5 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1 μM indole-butyric acid (IBA). Stem elongation was obtained in 36% of the shoots on SH medium containing 0.5 μM BA and 63% of the remaining non-elongated shoots initiated stem elongation after transfer on SH medium devoid of growth regulators. Rooting involved 2 steps: root induction on Campbell and Durzan mineral salts and Murashige and Skoog organic elements, both half-strength (CD-MS/2), supplemented with 1 μM of both naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and IBA, and root elongation following transfer to CD-MS/2 medium devoid of growth regulators. Repeating this 2-step sequence yielded up to 67% rooted shoots. Acclimatization of plantlets ranged from 83% to 100%. Over 300 plants were transferred to the greenhouse; some showed plagiotropic growth

Optical Properties of the Synthesized Cr2S3 Nanoparticles Embedded in Polyvinyl Alcohol

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based nanocomposite, with different concentrations of chromium sulfide Cr2S3 nanoparticles, were prepared by reduction of Cr(NO3)3 and Na2S in an aqueous PVA solution, using the chemical reduction rote, and casting technique. Effect of Cr2S3 nanoparticles on optical parameters such as absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and extinction coefficient have been investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The study reveals that all these parameters are affected by the Cr2S3 nanoparticles concentration. The study has been also extended to investigate the changes in the optical band gap energies, the band tail width for the samples using Tauc and Urbach relations respectively. The optical energy band gap reduced from (6.17 eV) for pure PVA to (4.14 eV) for 0.04M Cr2S3; while the Urbach tail increased from (0.216 eV) for pure PVA to (0.523 eV) for 0.04M Cr2S3. The significant change of the optical properties of PVA with embedded Cr2S3 nanoparticles suggested their applicabilit  in optical devices

Modified Hartree-Fock Relationship to Calculate the Effective Energy of Atomic Sub-shells in Transition Elements

In this study, the part in question of the total energy is that due to the mutual interactions between the electrons themselves, the fact that this is the total effective energy of sample electrons in shells and sub-shells. The result was that only 0.2564 of the total energy of the atom is divided between the individual electrons and the effective energy of each of them is proportional to the reciprocal of their occupation numbers i.e. 1/(n+2l+1)2, the proportionality constant was fortunately equivalent to the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) of the sub-shell type according to the studies done by both Slater and Clementi and Raimondi. The amazing news was that the algebraic sum of the effective energy for each electron was again very close to 0.2564 ET. Keywords: Hartree-Fock, Effective Energy of Atomic, Transition Element

Optical Characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol - Ammonium Nitrate Polymer Electrolytes Films

Polyvinyl alcohol – Ammonium Nitrate polymer electrolyte films were prepared by casting method. UV-Vis Double Beam Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (190-1100) nm were used to investigate the optical properties. The optical constants such us, transmission spectra, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, optical band gaps, and optical conductance are found. It was found that the energy band gaps are decreased upon the increase of salts concentration. The values of the width of the tails of localized states in the forbidden gap of the films obtained from Urbach plots are varied from 0.64 to 1.16 eV. The real and imaginary part of dielectric constant of the polymer electrolyte films increases with increasing NH4NO3 concentration. The dielectric constant shows decreases abruptly in the wavelength (235-260) nm, and finally becomes constant with increase wavelength. Keywords: optical energy band gap; optical conductance; refractive index; extinction coefficient

Statistical analysis of the prevalence, severity and some possible etiologic factors of gingival recessions among the adult population of Thamar city, Yemen

Introduction and objectives: Gingival recession is an undesirable condition resulting in root exposure which is often not esthetic and may lead to sensitivity and root caries. The objective of the current study was to quantify and analyze the prevalence and severity of the gingival recession problem and also to identify the influence of some risk factors on gingival recession’s occurrence. The current study is arguably important because there was no previous study of this type in Yemen. Material and methods: This study was performed on 602 non missing teeth participants of age class ≥ 20 years old who attending the learning dental clinics of faculty of dentistry at Thamar University, and Thamar General Hospital during the period January to October 2010. All measurements of gingival recession and loss of attachment were done with periodontal probe and under sufficient illumination. Furthermore the severity of gingival recessions was evaluated based on Miller’s classification. Some measurements were done twice randomly in order to examine intraobserver agreement of data. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Chi-squares test and Logistic Linear Regression. Results: Our findings showed that 60.5% of patients had gingival recessions. The trend of gingival recession was upward within 20-29 (15.0%) to 30-39 years of age (16.8%) and was descending within 40-49 (15.9%) to 50 years of age and older (12.8%). Prevalence of gingival recession in females (33.6%) was found to be significantly higher than that in males (26.9%), (P<0.05). The localized recession (26.7%) and that of generalized (33.7%) were found to be significantly different, (P<0.05). The most significant differences of prevailed recessions were detected in buccal-labial & balatal-lingual (44.5%) and the upper & lower teeth (34.6%), respectively, (P<0.05). In addition, the recession in the anterior teeth (25.7%) was significantly much higher than that in posterior teeth (6%). Moreover, Class I Miller was significantly (P<0.05) the most common type of recession (30.5%) when compared to the other classes. The recession percentages of gingival recession size; < 3 mm (26.9), 3-4 mm (9.1) and > 4 mm (24.4), were found to differ significantly, (P<0.05). Similarly, the percentages of recessions in loss of attachment size; < 3 mm (8.8), 3-4 mm (9.3) and > 4 mm (42.5), were also significantly different, (P<0.05). Finally, the relationship between gingival recession and the concomitant risk factors was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of gingival recession (60.5%) among Yemeni population may relate to the destructive periodontitis, and khat chewing so the implementation of oral hygiene instructions programs among Yemeni population would be a necessity

Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis among Yemeni students from schools in the city of Thamar

Introduction and objective: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a type of periodontitis that causes rapid destruction of alveolar bone, especially in young ages. In Yemen, there is no previous study about aggressive periodontitis, so the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and related risk factors for aggressive periodontitis among school students in the city of Thamar. Material and methods: In this study, a two-stage sampling method was used. At first stage, a random sample of eight public schools was selected from the schools of the city of Thamar by simple random sampling. In the second stage, a sample of 807 students (458 female and 349 male) was drawn from the chosen schools by simple random sampling. People aged from 10 to 22, with mean age of 17. The classification considered in the current paper was based on the American Academy of Periodontology classification of 1999. A questionnaire was applied and included questions that would give information about the risk factors that might be considered causal factors for aggressive periodontitis. Results: The number of affected students with AgP was 29 among 807 students, that is, 3.6% of the sample. The percentages of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) were, respectively, 2.6% (21 students) and 1.0% (8 students). The following teeth were found to be affected: first molars, second molars, incisors, first premolars and second premolars. In GAgP, 20 first molars, 22 incisors, 6 first premolars, 3 second molars and 2 second premolars showed clinical attachment loss. But in LAgP, 18 first molars, 19 incisors, 6 first premolars, 3 second molars and 2 second premolars showed clinical attachment loss. With regards to the risk factors – socioeconomic level, age, poor oral hygiene status, plaque index and gingival bleeding –, the statistical results indicated that each of these factors showed highly significant relationships with AgP. Conclusion: The prevalence of AgP among Yemeni schools students was relatively high: 3.6%. This might be related to the low socioeconomic level and poor oral hygiene status of most of the Yemeni students

The Integration Among E-Health Applications, Communication Networks and Sustainability: A Review

Many types of e-health applications support smart cities in terms of health care. Every application is subject to requirements that must be met to be considered successful. In terms of system performance, the communication networks are responsible for meeting the requirements of e-health applications to transfer the data of applications successfully to their destinations with a focus on reliability, latency and packet loss. In addition, data protection against expected attacks is essential to maintain the data integrity of such applications. The integration of the healthcare system with promising information and communication technologies (ICTs) can lead to effective, personalised and accessible healthcare solutions, thus ultimately improving patient outcomes and the overall healthcare ecosystem. Meanwhile, sustainability has become one of the most vital conditions for any application in a smart city. In this context, this study explores the modern related literature to discover the types and the requirements of e-health applications and the available ICTs that meet these requirements. In addition, this study analyses the cybersecurity requirements related to e-health applications. Furthermore, this work engages the sustainability concept with e-health and ICTs to investigate the expected benefit of this approach. Finally, the work provides as energy consumption analysis for internet of medical things (MIoT) sensors to demonstrate the impact of energy-efficient methods used in e-health systems

Alumina Nanoparticle/Polypyrrole Coating for Carbon Steel Protection in Simulated Soil Solution

External corrosion by soil’s components is a serious problem in many steel structures such as pipelines and tanks, thus many methods are applied to reduce this risk. Nanotechnology almost gives improving for conventional protection methods. Investigation on nano Al2O3 doped polypyrrole coating has been done on carbon steel structures to protect them in two simulated soil environments include (0.01M NaCl + 0.01M NaHCO3) and (0.01M NaCl + 0.01M Na2SO4). Electropolymerization of pyrrole monomer carried out in oxalic acid with suspended nano alumina using cyclic voltammogram method. Characterization of produced film was done by SEM/EDS and the results indicated the uniformly distribution of coating in the presence of nano alumina confirming the presence of Al2O3 NPs by EDS analysis. Also FTIR spectra showed the occurred incorporation between polypyrole and nanoalumina in deposited film on steel surface. The presence of nano alumina behaves as repaired to healing the defects in polymer film by chemical, mechanical and electrochemical factors and then gives long life time for service; this result was concluded through the improving in protection efficiency of Al2O3 NPs/PPy film compared with conventional red paint which is uses to protect carbon steel structures