Durability demonstration programme for EURO6 passenger cars: thermal load to after-treatment systems

The thermal aging of emission control devices is the most important cause of vehicles' emissions deterioration. This report compares the thermal load generated by the Standard Road Cycle (SRC) with that generated by the Worldwide-harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) on 2 gasoline and 2 diesel vehicles, confirming that the SRC is fit for the purpose.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Calculation of Diesel Combustion Particle Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract

The main goal of this work is to investigate lung-deposition efficiency of diesel combustion particles generated under different conditions.JRC.H.4 - Transport and air qualit

Assessment of the Heavy-Duty Natural Gas technology

Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are seen as a possible option for curbing CO2 emissions, fuel consumption and operating costs of goods transport. CNG engines have been employed in public use HDVs as an alternative to diesel engines due to their environmental benefits, and particularly due to lower particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. In the framework of the current project, an advanced newly designed CNG prototype engine developed as part of the 7th Framework Programme research project “CO2 Reduction for long distance transport” (CO2RE), is benchmarked against its parent Euro V compliant CNG engine (reference) in order to quantify the improvement in terms of real-world emissions. Results indicated a significant reduction in CO2 emissions with the prototype CNG engine both at low and high loads, which varied between 5.0-8.4%. The highest CO2 reduction was observed during on-road testing, with the corresponding reduction at low loads being more pronounced compared to high loads. Furthermore, reductions of NOx and CO emissions were observed under all testing conditions. On the other hand, hydrocarbon and methane emissions were increased with the introduction of the Prototype engine.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

Particle Number PEMS: Inter-Laboratory: Comparison Exercise

This report summarizes the results of the Inter-Laboratory Comparison Exercise for the PN-PEMS equipment that took place between September 2015 and January 2016. The accuracy and precision of PN measurement with two different PN-PEMS was assessed with one selected Golden Vehicle in seven different laboratories across Europe, providing indications for drafting the third package of the RDE regulation. The differences of the PN-PEMS to the reference system at the CVS were between -40% and +40%; similar to those between the reference system at the tailpipe and the CVS. The accuracy and precision of the PN-PEMS, as estimated by comparing them with the reference system at the tailpipe were 10.4% ± 11.9% for the diffusion charger based PN-PEMS and -8.0% ±9.5% for the CPC-based PN-PEMS. The larger differences compared to the reference system at the CVS can be explained by particle transformations between the vehicle tailpipe and the CVS and calibration uncertainties of the reference systems at the CVS. On road tests showed that the PN-PEMS were stable and measuring as in the laboratory. For the tested vehicle technology, there were not significant deviations between the PN emissions measured in the laboratory and the PN emissions measured under real driving conditions at ambient temperatures between 3°C and 25°C.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Particle Number (PN) - Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS): Heavy Duty Vehicles Evaluation phase at the Joint Research Centre (JRC)

JRC evaluated the feasibility of using PN-PEMS systems for Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) applications. The main evaluation phase took place between February and June 2016. One Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicle and three vehicles equipped Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction (SCR) were tested. The key conclusion of the evaluation phase is that PN-PEMS testing for HDV is feasible. However, low ambient temperatures were challenging for the instruments regarding their robustness. Re-testing of the commercial instruments in September with a DPF and SCR equipped vehicle showed that most of the issues were resolved. The PN-PEMS instruments measurement uncertainty is around 30% at the moment. Similar uncertainty (35%) was found when comparing the best performing system with the reference system at the dilution tunnel (CVS); i.e. PEMS method uncertainty.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

2D Particle Transport in a Full Dilution Tunnel of Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Current EU legislation establishes particulate-mass emission limits for diesel vehicles, but limits on particle number emissions are also under consideration due to concerns about the adverse health effects of fine particles. We study the turbulent transport of light-duty diesel exhaust particles in a standard emission facility.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Real Driving Emissions (RDE): Particle Number (PN) Portable Measurement Systems (PEMS) calibration

The PN-PEMS is considered a “black box” where efficiency tests and linearity have to be checked with thermally stable soot like aerosol. The efficiency is checked with monodisperse aerosol. The most straight forward way is to check the efficiency of the complete PN-PEMS but checking the thermal pre-conditioning unit and the particle detector of the PN-PEMS separately is also permissible. In the second case the two results have to be combined in one penetration efficiency. For the linearity check usually polydisperse aerosol is used in order to reach high concentration levels.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable Transpor

Assessment of the monitoring methodology for CO₂ emissions from heavy duty vehicles: Pilot phase test-campaign report and analysis of the ex-post verification options

Following a request from DG-Clima and DG-GROW, JRC launched a test-campaign in order to investigate the validity, accuracy and plausibility of the methodology proposed for the verification of the certified CO2 emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles (aka ex-post verification methodology). In addition scope of the test campaign was to demonstrate the representativeness of the CO2 emissions calculations made by the official simulator (VECTO) by comparing against the actual performance of vehicles. Experiments were conducted on four Euro VI trucks, both on the chassis dyno and on the road with the aim of understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches proposed. Two main verification approaches were investigated, steady state measurements in chassis-dyno / controlled conditions, and measurements under transient conditions on chassis-dyno and actual on-road operating conditions. The official simulation software (VECTO) was used for simulating the operation of vehicles under the different test conditions. The key conclusion of the test campaign is that an ex-post verification method which is based on transient, on-road tests is possible for trucks and comes with the advantage that it could potentially cover also other vehicle types which are difficult to be validated under steady state conditions in a laboratory or on a test track under controlled conditions. However, there is a clear need to work on the details of the test protocol to be finally implemented, define boundary conditions for transient tests on road, and establish the necessary acceptance and rejection margins for any such validation. Finally, additional testing is necessary in order to calculate accurately any systematic deviation between the officially reported, simulated, CO2 values and those actually occurring in reality. VECTO results should be periodically controlled and assessed in order to make sure that its CO2 estimates remain representative and minimize the possibility that discrepancies will occur in the future between the officially reported and actually experienced fuel consumption.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Heavy-duty Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise (ILCE_HD)

The Heavy-duty Inter-Laboratory Correlation Exercise has concluded testing at 5 test laboratories in the EU in order to demonstrate the practicality, robustness, repeatability and reproducibility of the particle emissions measurement techniques proposed by the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP). A CRT equipped heavy duty engine was transported to each lab were it was tested over multiple European and the World Harmonized Stationary and Transient Test Cycles. Along with the engine, two Golden Particle Measurement Systems (GPMS) were shipped to permit particle number measurements to be made simultaneously from both full flow constant volume sampler (CVS) dilution and partial flow dilution (PFDS) systems. Measurements of solid particle number emissions, particulate mass and regulated gaseous emissions were taken over each test. In addition to particle number measurements made with the golden systems circulated between laboratories, particle number measurements were made with several alternative systems to compare the performance of different measurement systemsJRC.DDG.H.4 - Transport and air qualit

PMP Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise: Report on PART3: JRC Tests in July '06

This document reports the results of the third part of the testing performed during the PMP inter-laboratory exercise - 13 July to 18 August 2006 - conducted at the Vehicles Emissions Laboratory (VELA2) in the Transport and Air Quality Unit of the European Commission¿s Joint Research Centre (JRC-Ispra). This report presents the results of the work undertaken on a 2.0 HDi diesel car equipped with a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), i.e. the Golden Vehicle. Most of the tests complied with all the requirements of the document UN-GRPE PMP Phase 3. Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise: Framework and Laboratory Guide. The measurements included both filter based particulate mass measurements and real-time particle number measurements performed under transient conditions on a chassis dynamometer. Extra tests were conducted in order to investigate the effect of the PMP recommendations over the legislated procedures (filter media, temperature, cyclone, no backup filter). Moreover the regeneration emissions were investigated. Finally comparisons with the previous measurements of the same vehicle in JRC were made.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit