The Work of Roberto Busa SJ: Open Spaces between Computation and Hermeneutics

A review of the achievements of Fr. Busa over the course of his 60 years of work in the area of computational linguistics: internal hypertexts, the systematization of allographs, lemmatization, homographs and typologies; the lexical system; the laws of economy for graphemes, for semantic typology, for heterogeneity among terms, and of the two lexical hemispheres. Finally, the project of disciplined languages is mentioned, a response to the linguistic challenge resulting from informational globalization

Sapida scientia. Percorsi gastronomici da “Il Sole 24 Ore” (1999-2018)

Il volume Sapida scientia. Percorsi gastronomici da “Il Sole 24 Ore” (1999-2018) è stato precedentemente stampato in poche copie non venali e donato a Tullio Gregory per il suo novantesimo compleanno il 28 febbraio 2019 in occasione di un incontro conviviale. Il testo raccoglie alcuni articoli di Gregory pubblicati tra il 1999 e il 2018. Il tema che ispira la scelta degli articoli è quello della cultura gastronomica nel senso più ampio, con implicazioni letterariofilosofiche e non solo. Il volume - che si collega tematicamente con il precedente Sapor mundi. Scritti sulla civiltà dei sapori da “Il Sole 24 Ore” (1994-1998), stampato nel 1999 - comprende anche i “menù della cucina filosofica”, proposti da Gregory al festivalfilosofia di Modena, Carpi, Sassuolo dal 2001 al 2018, e nasce da una proposta e dalla collaborazione di Eugenio Canone, Roberto Palaia e Ada Russo

CHA2 DS2 -VASc score and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine whether the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score can predict adverse outcomes such as death, ischaemic stroke, and major haemorrhage, in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm. METHODS AND RESULTS: CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores were calculated for 1101 patients randomized to warfarin and 1123 patients randomized to aspirin. Adverse outcomes were defined as death or ischaemic stroke, death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Using proportional hazards models, we found that each 1-point increase in the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was associated with increased hazard of death or ischaemic stroke events [hazard ratio (HR) for the warfarin arm = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.30, P < 0.001; for aspirin, HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.29, P < 0.001]. Similar increased hazards for higher CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores were observed for death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Overall performance of the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was assessed using c-statistics for full models containing the risk score, treatment assignment, and score-treatment interaction, with the c-statistics for the full models ranging from 0.57 for death to 0.68 for major haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The CHA2 DS2 -VASc score predicted adverse outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm, with modest prediction accuracy

Bleeding Risk and Antithrombotic Strategy in Patients With Sinus Rhythm and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated With Warfarin or Aspirin

We sought to assess the performance of existing bleeding risk scores, such as the Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly (HAS-BLED) score or the Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index (OBRI), in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in sinus rhythm (SR) treated with warfarin or aspirin. We calculated HAS-BLED and OBRI risk scores for 2,305 patients with HFrEF in SR enrolled in the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction trial. Proportional hazards models were used to test whether each score predicted major bleeding, and comparison of different risk scores was performed using Harell C-statistic and net reclassification improvement index. For the warfarin arm, both scores predicted bleeding risk, with OBRI having significantly greater C-statistic (0.72 vs 0.61; p = 0.03) compared to HAS-BLED, although the net reclassification improvement for comparing OBRI to HAS-BLED was not significant (0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.18 to 0.37). Performance of the OBRI and HAS-BLED risk scores was similar for the aspirin arm. For participants with OBRI scores of 0 to 1, warfarin compared with aspirin reduced ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.98, p = 0.042) without significantly increasing major bleeding (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.30, p = 0.51). For those with OBRI score of ≥2, there was a trend for reduced ischemic stroke with warfarin compared to aspirin (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.15, p = 0.12), but major bleeding was increased (HR 4.04, 95% CI 1.99 to 8.22, p <0.001). In conclusion, existing bleeding risk scores can identify bleeding risk in patients with HFrEF in SR and could be tested for potentially identifying patients with a favorable risk/benefit profile for antithrombotic therapy with warfarin

Relations de la philosophie avec son histoire

It is a great honor to present one of the proceedings of the Institut In- ternational de Philosophie in the \uablessico Intellettuale Europeo\ubb series. Both have longstanding traditions. the Institut International de Philosophie (IIP) was founded during the momentous ann\ue9e Descartes of 1937 and its meet- ings have taken place on a yearly basis (with the exception of 1939 to 1946 because of World War two). Its first president was l\ue9on Robin. Past pres- idents during the last four decades were Georg Henrik von Wright, Max Black, Paul Ricoeur, Jerzy Pelc, David Pears, Ruth Barcan Marcus, Evan- dro agazzi, tomonobu Imamichi, Jaakko Hintikka, anne Fagot-largeault, Hans lenk, tom\ue1s Calvo Mart\uednez and Enrico Berti. Ioanna Ku\ue7uradi is currently the president and Bernard Bourgeois the secretary general. to date, its membership lists 102 philosophers from forty-four countries. Its several committees are concerned with international communication and coopera- tion in philosophy from the point of view of reason and tolerance. a con- stant focus is placed on the mutual opening of philosophical cultures, tra- ditions and approaches.1 the Istituto per il lessico Intellettuale Europeo of the National Research Council of Italy (lIE and since 2001 IlIESI) was founded in 1964 and has been hosting its own international meetings every three years. We are count- ing fifty-five Entretiens de l\u2019Institut International de Philosophie and fifteen Colloqui Internazionali del Lessico Intellettuale Europeo. the IlIESI is ded- icated to the history of cultural and scientific terminology. It focuses on the phenomenon of cultural migration, which accompanies the whole history of civilizations while involving continuous relations and reciprocal exchanges among diverse cultures, and thus translations (in their widest sense) of texts and modules from one to another context, be it linguistic, economic, politi- cal, or cultural. Its researchers investigate several epochs under the assump- tion that at the root of the history of philosophy and of the sciences and more generally of the history of ideas lie textual corpora that have been de- veloped in the context of each discipline over the centuries.2 today, the \uablessico Intellettuale Europeo\ubb series, which was started in 1967, boasts 124 volumes. and we find it extremely inspiring that volume 125 of the series hosts the sixty-third IIP meeting, which is its sixth meeting in Italy, after Venice in 1958 (in coincidence with the twelfth World Con- gress of Philosophy), l\u2019aquila in 1964, Bellagio in 1982, Palermo in 1985 and Santa Margherita/Genova in 1989. all presentations but one that were given at the Entretiens de Rome of the Institut International de Philosophie on 24-28 September 2014 have found their way to this volume. appropriate funding was provided by the Italian Ministry for Education, university and Research within the PRIN2012 \u201cuniversalism and its limits\u201d, unit coordinator Riccardo Pozzo and national coordinator loris Sturlese. the four papers contributed by Giovanni Pugli- si, Hans Poser, Evandro agazzi and Enrico Berti were read at the meeting of the Committee on the History of Philosophy of the F\ue9d\ue9ration Interna- tionale des Soci\ue9t\ue9s de Philosophie (FISP) dedicated to the textual basis of the intercultural history of philosophy \u2013 Migrating Alphabets, which took place in Rome in the aula Marconi at the main seat of the National Re- search Council of Italy on 11 January 2011

Left atrial volume and cardiovascular outcomes in systolic heart failure: effect of antithrombotic treatment

AimsLeft atrium (LA) dilation is associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Blood stasis, thrombus formation and atrial fibrillation may occur, especially in heart failure (HF) patients. It is not known whether preventive antithrombotic treatment may decrease the incidence of CV events in HF patients with LA enlargement. We investigated the relationship between LA enlargement and CV outcomes in HF patients and the effect of different antithrombotic treatments.Methods and resultsTwo-dimensional echocardiography with LA volume index (LAVi) measurement was performed in 1148 patients with systolic HF from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial. Patients were randomized to warfarin or aspirin and followed for 3.4 ± 1.7 years. While the primary aim of the trial was a composite of ischaemic stroke, death, and intracerebral haemorrhage, the present report focuses on the individual CV events, whose incidence was compared across different LAVi and treatment subgroups. After adjustment for demographics and clinical covariates, moderate or severe LA enlargement was significantly associated with total death (hazard ratio 1.6 and 2.7, respectively), CV death (HR 1.7 and 3.3), and HF hospitalization (HR 2.3 and 2.6) but not myocardial infarction (HR 1.0 and 1.4) or ischaemic stroke (1.1 and 1.5). The increased risk was observed in both patients treated with warfarin or aspirin. In warfarin-treated patients, a time in therapeutic range &gt;60% was associated with lower event rates, and an interaction between LAVi and time in therapeutic range was observed for death (P = 0.034).ConclusionsIn patients with systolic HF, moderate or severe LA enlargement is associated with death and HF hospitalization despite treatment with antithrombotic medications. The possibility that achieving a more consistent therapeutic level of anticoagulation may decrease the risk of death requires further investigation

Association between mortality and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators by aetiology of heart failure: a propensity-matched analysis of the WARCEF trial

AimsThere is debate on whether the beneficial effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) is attenuated in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We assess whether any ICD benefit differs between patients with NICM and those with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), using data from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial.Methods and resultsWe performed a post hoc analysis using WARCEF (N = 2293; ICM, n = 991 vs. NICM, n = 1302), where participants received optimal medical treatment. We developed stratified propensity scores for having an ICD at baseline using 41 demographic and clinical variables and created 1:2 propensity-matched cohorts separately for ICM patients with ICD (N = 223 with ICD; N = 446 matched) and NICM patients (N = 195 with ICD; N = 390 matched). We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model to assess the effect of ICD status on mortality for patients with ICM and those with NICM and tested the interaction between ICD status and aetiology of heart failure. During mean follow-up of 3.5 ± 1.8 years, 527 patients died. The presence of ICD was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death among those with ICM (hazard ratio: 0.640; 95% confidence interval: 0.448 to 0.915; P = 0.015) but not among those with NICM (hazard ratio: 0.984; 95% confidence interval: 0.641 to 1.509; P = 0.941). There was weak evidence of interaction between ICD status and the aetiology of heart failure (P = 0.131).ConclusionsThe presence of ICD is associated with a survival benefit in patients with ICM but not in those with NICM