Patient Concerns Inventory for head and neck cancer: Brazilian cultural adaptation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to translate, culturally validate and evaluate the Patients Concerns Inventory - Head and Neck (PCI- H&N) in a consecutive series of Brazilian patients. Methods: This study included adult patients treated for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. The translation and cultural adaptation of the PCI–H&N followed internationally accepted guidelines and included a pretest sample of patients that completed the first Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PCI. The use/feasibility/acceptability of the PCI was tested subsequently in a consecutive series of UADT cancer patients that completed the final Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PCI and a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL). Associations between physical and socio emotional composite scores from the UW-QOL and PCI were analyzed. Results: Twenty patients participated in the pretest survey (translation and cultural adaptation process), and 84 patients were analysed in the cultural validation study. Issues most selected were: fear of cancer returning, dry mouth, chewing/eating, speech/voice/being understood, swallowing, dental health/teeth, anxiety, fatigue/tiredness, taste and fear of adverse events. The three specialists most selected were speech therapist, dentist and psychologist. Statistically significant relationships between PCI and UW-QOL were found. Conclusions: The translation and cultural adaptation of the PCI for Brazilian-Portuguese language was successful, and the results demonstrate its feasibility and usefulness, making this a valuable tool for use within the Brazilian H&N cancer population

The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z=6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST, (e)LISA and other instruments.Comment: 47 pages with 306 references; this review is a chapter in "The First Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues", Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Eds. T. Wiklind, V. Bromm & B. Mobasher, in pres

Chemical analysis of pottery demonstrates prehistoric origin for high-altitude alpine dairying

The European high Alps are internationally renowned for their dairy produce, which are of huge cultural and economic significance to the region. Although the recent history of alpine dairying has been well studied, virtually nothing is known regarding the origins of this practice. This is due to poor preservation of high altitude archaeological sites and the ephemeral nature of transhumance economic practices. Archaeologists have suggested that stone structures that appear around 3,000 years ago are associated with more intense seasonal occupation of the high Alps and perhaps the establishment of new economic strategies. Here, we report on organic residue analysis of small fragments of pottery sherds that are occasionally preserved both at these sites and earlier prehistoric rock-shelters. Based mainly on isotopic criteria, dairy lipids could only be identified on ceramics from the stone structures, which date to the Iron Age (ca. 3,000 - 2,500 BP), providing the earliest evidence of this practice in the high Alps. Dairy production in such a marginal environment implies a high degree of risk even by today’s standards. We postulate that this practice was driven by population increase and climate deterioration that put pressure on lowland agropastoral systems and the establishment of more extensive trade networks, leading to greater demand for highly nutritious and transportable dairy products

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Resilience of the health team in caring for people with mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital

Abstract OBJECTIVE Evaluating and understanding the resilience process of the health team in caring for people with mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital. METHOD A mixed-method study with concomitant triangulation of data from a cross-sectional study, with health professionals, and Grounded Theory in the data. Quantitative data were collected using the Resilience Scale and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews and analyzed using initial and focused coding. RESULTS 40 health professionals participated in the study. Mean responses of the participants in the resilience scale were 99.80 ± 12.86 points, with a minimum of 35 and a maximum of 114 points. From the qualitative data, we can highlight the professionals’ commitment in developing competencies in caring for people with mental disorders; valorization of teamwork and positive impact on work for the re-signification of the meaning of life. CONCLUSION Understanding this process of resilience enables developing strategies to improve the quality of life of workers in psychiatric hospitals

Elaboração e validação de instrumento avaliador da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão

OBJETIVO Elaborar e validar instrumento de avaliação da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, com base na teoria da resposta ao item. MÉTODOS O desenvolvimento do instrumento envolveu procedimentos teóricos, empíricos e analíticos. Os procedimentos teóricos compreenderam a definição do constructo adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, identificação dos domínios intervenientes e a elaboração do instrumento, seguida da análise semântica e conceitual por peritos. O procedimento empírico englobou a aplicação do instrumento a 1.000 usuários com hipertensão arterial sistêmica, atendidos em um centro de referência em Fortaleza, CE, em 2012. A etapa analítica validou o instrumento por meio da análise psicométrica e dos procedimentos estatísticos. O modelo da teoria da resposta ao item usado na análise foi o da resposta gradual de Samejima. RESULTADOS Doze dos 23 itens do instrumento inicial foram calibrados e permaneceram na versão final. O coeficiente alfa (α) de Cronbach foi de 0,81. Os itens referentes ao uso da medicação quando apresenta algum sintoma e o uso de gordura apresentaram bom desempenho, pois tiveram melhor poder de discriminar os indivíduos que aderem ao tratamento. Deixar de tomar a medicação alguma vez e o consumo de carnes brancas apresentaram menor poder de discriminação. Itens referentes à realização de exercício físico e ser rotina seguir o tratamento não medicamentoso tiveram maior dificuldade de resposta. O instrumento mostrou-se mais apropriado para medir a baixa adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica do que a alta adesão. CONCLUSÕES O instrumento mostrou-se adequado para avaliar a adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, pois consegue diferenciar os indivíduos com alta adesão daqueles com baixa adesão. Sua utilização pode facilitar a identificação e aferição do cumprimento à terapêutica prescrita, além de viabilizar o estabelecimento de metas a serem alcançadas

Correction : Low carbon futures: assessing the status of decarbonisation efforts at universities within a 2050 perspective (Energy, Sustainability and Society, (2023), 13, 1, (5), 10.1186/s13705-023-00384-6)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error since Ayyoob Sharifi was missing from the author group. The missing author name is: Ayyoob Sharifi12 (E-mail: [email protected]) The authors’ affiliation is: 12Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, and Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan. The Author contributions section should instead read: Author contributions WLF was responsible for the article’s concept and contribute with the whole manuscript; RMD, IRA and PM-H wrote the literature review of the manuscript; DGV, AS and CRPV wrote the method section; MAPD, WL, ALS, AS and CRPV wrote the results and discussion. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The author group has been updated above and the original article [1] has been corrected

Coinfection with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Interferes with the Host Immune Response to Infection

A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3+ and CD4+ T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice