Score de complejidad quirúrgica como predictor de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares

Introduction: Postoperative surgical site infections represent one of the most frequent complications related to health care and can increase morbidity and mortality, in addition to increasing treatment costs. Objectives: This study evaluated surgical site infections incidence after dentoalveolar surgeries of retained third molars. The article presents the development of a surgical complexity score that can be used as a predictive method for surgical site infections risk in dentoalveolar surgeries. Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, the sample was obtained for convenience, from medical records of patients diagnosed with tooth retention and who underwent dentoalveolar surgery of third molars, from 2015 to 2020. Demographic variables of patients, characteristics of the surgery and information regarding the diagnosis of surgical site infections in the postoperative period were collected. Results: A total of 360 medical records were analyzed, with 59 surgical site infection cases diagnosed (16.4%). There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) in the bivariate analysis correlating infection with time of procedure, type of incision and performance of ostectomy and tooth sectioning. Logistic regression analysis to identify the probability of infection showed no significance for any of the individual variables, except when they are combined composing the surgical complexity score, which was then significantly higher in surgical site infections cases. Conclusions: The surgical complexity score developed can be a new predictive tool for the occurrence of surgical site infections in dentoalveolar surgeries, taking into account that the greater the complexity of surgery, the greater risk.Introdução: As infecções pós-operatórias de sítio cirúrgico representam uma das complicações mais frequentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde e podem aumentar a morbimortalidade, além de elevar os custos do tratamento. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou a incidência de infecções de sítio cirúrgico após cirurgias dentoalveolares de terceiros molares retidos. O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um escore de complexidade cirúrgica que pode ser utilizado como método preditivo do risco de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias dentoalveolares. Metodologia: Neste Research, Society and Development, v. 12, n. 7, e5612742391, 2023 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42391 2 estudo observacional transversal, a amostra foi obtida por conveniência, a partir das histórias clínicas de pacientes com diagnóstico de retenção dentária e que foram submetidos à cirurgia dentoalveolar de terceiros molares, no período de 2015 a 2020. Variáveis demográficas dos pacientes, características da cirurgia e informações sobre o diagnóstico de infecções pós-operatórias do sítio cirúrgico foram coletadas. Resultados: Foram analisados 360 prontuários, sendo diagnosticados 59 casos de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (16,4%). Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) na análise bivariada que correlacionou a infecção com o tempo do procedimento, o tipo de incisão e a realização da ostectomia e odontossecção. A análise de regressão logística para identificar a probabilidade de infecção não mostrou significância para nenhuma das variáveis individualmente, exceto quando combinadas para compor o escore de complexidade cirúrgica, que foi significativamente maior para infecções de sítio cirúrgico. Conclusões: O escore de complexidade cirúrgica desenvolvido pode ser uma nova ferramenta preditiva para a ocorrência de infecções de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias dentoalveolares, tendo em vista que quanto maior a complexidade da cirurgia, maior o risco.Introducción: Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico posoperatorio representan una de las complicaciones más frecuentes relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud y pueden aumentar la morbimortalidad, además de incrementar los costos del tratamiento. Objetivos: Este estudio evaluó la incidencia de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico después de cirugías dentoalveolares de terceros molares retenidos. El artículo presenta el desarrollo de un score de complejidad quirúrgica que puede ser utilizado como método predictivo del riesgo de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares. Metodología: En este estudio observacional de corte transversal, la muestra se obtuvo por conveniencia, de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de retención dental y que se sometieron a cirugía dentoalveolar de terceros molares, del 2015 al 2020. Variables demográficas de los pacientes, características de la cirugía y se recolectó información sobre el diagnóstico de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en el postoperatorio. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 360 historias clínicas, diagnosticándose 59 casos de infección del sitio quirúrgico (16,4%). Hubo diferencia estadística (p<0,05) en el análisis bivariado que correlacionó la infección con el tiempo del procedimiento, el tipo de incisión y la realización de la ostectomía y la odontosección. El análisis de regresión logística para identificar la probabilidad de infección no mostró significación para ninguna de las variables individuales, excepto cuando se combinan para componer el puntaje de complejidad quirúrgica, que luego fue significativamente mayor en los casos de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusiones: El score de complejidad quirúrgica desarrollado puede ser una nueva herramienta predictiva para la ocurrencia de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares, teniendo en cuenta que a mayor complejidad de la cirugía mayor riesgo

Are design for disassembly principles advantageous for the environment when applied to temporary exhibition installations?

Disassembly of a product is a systematic process of separating an item into components and subcomponents and is a key factor to foster a more circular economy in which resources are kept longer.The aim of this study is to explore how to combine design for disassembly indicators with a life cycle-based tool and investigate the environmental benefits of design for disassembly. The intent is to assess the environmental sustainability of an exhibition area, from a circular economy perspective, by using design for disassembly principles and a carbon footprint methodology. These two methodologies are used to evaluate the environmental benefits in combination with the effort s to improve the disassembly process and to propose a method to normalise and scale up the impacts at a higher level.The results show that, for this specific case study, improvements in terms of recycled content led to limited environmental benefits, reducing the impact by approximately 1%. This is because the practise of reutilisation was largely applied by the company designing and producing the temporary installation being studied; in addition, improvements in the recycling rate at the expense of reuse led to a higher environmental impact, of approximately 15%.The results reveal that effort s to improve the disassembly and circularity can lead to limited improvements in terms of impact on the environment, and efforts to increase material recycling should not be performed at the expense of reuse.What is transferable, beyond the case study used as a base to develop our intent, is that it is always advisable to combine design for disassembly and life cycle-based principles to quantify the environmental benefits and address the efforts to improve a product in terms of circularity. (C) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Geographic variation of sex pheromone and mitochondrial DNA in Diatraea saccharalis (Fab., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

(9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal and (Z11)-hexadecenal, the main sex pheromone components of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, were identified and quantified from four Brazilian and one Colombian populations using GC-EAD, GC-MS and GC analyses. Three different ratios were observed, 9:1,6:1, and 3:1. The pheromone concentration for the major component, (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal, varied from 6.8 ng/gland to 21.9 ng/gland and from 1.7 ng/gland to 6.5 to the minor component, (Z11)-hexadecenal. The 25 D. saccharalis cytochrome oxidase II sequences that were analyzed showed low intra-specific variation and represented only 11 haplotypes, with the most frequent being the one represented by specimens from Sao Paulo, Parana, and Pernambuco states. Specimens from Colombia showed the highest genetic divergence from the others haplotypes studied. Data on the genetic variability among specimens, more than their geographic proximity, were in agreement with data obtained from analyses of the pheromone extracts. Our data demonstrate a variation in pheromone composition and a covariation in haplotypes of the D. saccharalis populations studied. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.INCTCAPESCNP

Addressing the Poly- to Oligo-ketone Selectivity in Styrene Carbonylation Catalyzed by Palladium/bpy Complexes. Effect of the 6-Alkyl Substitution

Two series of organometallic Pd complexes, namely, (i) [Pd(CH3)(CH3CN)(N−N′)][PF6] and (ii) [Pd(CH3)(N−N′)2][PF6], with a range of 6-alkyl-substituted-2,2′-bipyridine ligands, including the new 6-(1-methoxyethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, in both racemic and enantiopure form, and 2-(methoxymethyl)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, have been studied. 6-(1-Methoxyethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine was synthesized both in racemic and in the opposite homochiral enantiomeric forms by two stereocomplementary chemoenzymatic procedures. The characterization of the new complexes, both in solid state and in solution, provides evidence for the formation of a unique isomer featuring the methyl ligand trans to the Pd−N bond of the substituted pyridine ring. For the complex with the bpy ligand having the sec-butyl substituent a cyclometalation reaction with the release of methane occurs, leading the substituted bpy to act as a terdentate N−N′−C ligand. Complexes of series ii feature one chelate N−N′ ligand, while the other one is coordinated to Pd in a monodentate fashion. In solution a fluxional process that makes equivalent the two N−N′ ligands is present, and the static 1H NMR spectra correspond to an averaged structure where palladium is a stereogenic center. All these complexes behave as catalysts for styrene carbonylation, yielding CO/styrene oligoketones, which are optically active when catalysts containing chiral, enantiomerically pure, ligands are applied. For both series of complexes the reactivity with labeled CO has been investigated, leading to the formation of the corresponding Pd−acetyl species, with that for complexes of series ii featuring both N−N′ molecules bonded to the same metal center

Addressing the Poly- to Oligo-ketone Selectivity in Styrene Carbonylation Catalyzed by Palladium/bpy Complexes. Effect of the 6-Alkyl Substitution

Two series of organometallic Pd complexes, namely, (i) [Pd(CH3)(CH3CN)(N−N′)][PF6] and (ii) [Pd(CH3)(N−N′)2][PF6], with a range of 6-alkyl-substituted-2,2′-bipyridine ligands, including the new 6-(1-methoxyethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, in both racemic and enantiopure form, and 2-(methoxymethyl)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, have been studied. 6-(1-Methoxyethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine was synthesized both in racemic and in the opposite homochiral enantiomeric forms by two stereocomplementary chemoenzymatic procedures. The characterization of the new complexes, both in solid state and in solution, provides evidence for the formation of a unique isomer featuring the methyl ligand trans to the Pd−N bond of the substituted pyridine ring. For the complex with the bpy ligand having the sec-butyl substituent a cyclometalation reaction with the release of methane occurs, leading the substituted bpy to act as a terdentate N−N′−C ligand. Complexes of series ii feature one chelate N−N′ ligand, while the other one is coordinated to Pd in a monodentate fashion. In solution a fluxional process that makes equivalent the two N−N′ ligands is present, and the static 1H NMR spectra correspond to an averaged structure where palladium is a stereogenic center. All these complexes behave as catalysts for styrene carbonylation, yielding CO/styrene oligoketones, which are optically active when catalysts containing chiral, enantiomerically pure, ligands are applied. For both series of complexes the reactivity with labeled CO has been investigated, leading to the formation of the corresponding Pd−acetyl species, with that for complexes of series ii featuring both N−N′ molecules bonded to the same metal center

Genetic parameter estimation for pre- and post-weaning traits in Brahman cattle in Brazil

Beef cattle producers in Brazil use body weight traits as breeding program selection criteria due to their great economic importance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate different animal models, estimate genetic parameters, and define the most fitting model for Brahman cattle body weight standardized at 120 (BW120), 210 (BW210), 365 (BW365), 450 (BW450), and 550 (BW550) days of age. To estimate genetic parameters, single-, two-, and multi-trait analyses were performed using the animal model. The likelihood ratio test was verified between all models. For BW120 and BW210, additive direct genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environment, and residual effects were considered, while for BW365 and BW450, additive direct genetic, maternal genetic, and residual effects were considered. Finally, for BW550, additive direct genetic and residual effects were considered. Estimates of direct heritability for BW120 were similar in all analyses; however, for the other traits, multi-trait analysis resulted in higher estimates. The maternal heritability and proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to total variance were minimal in multi-trait analyses. Genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations were of high magnitude between all traits. Multi-trait analyses would aid in the parameter estimation for body weight at older ages because they are usually affected by a lower number of animals with phenotypic information due to culling and mortality.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Genetic analysis for gestation length, birth weight, weaning weight, and accumulated productivity in Nellore beef cattle

The aim of this study was to estimate variance and covariance components for gestation length (GL), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and accumulated productivity (ACP), and their respective genetic trends for Nellore cattle raised in Brazil. The ACP trait is a reproduction index developed by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) and comprises the total number of calves born per dam, weight of weaned calves, and age of the dam at calving. A total of 25,085, 46,911, 50,044, and 7351 observations were considered to analyze GL, BW, WW, and ACP. Genetic parameters were estimated by the Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood method in single and two-trait analyses. The average direct heritability estimates obtained in two-trait analyses were equal to 0.38 +/- 0.03 (GL), 0.25 +/- 0.02 (BW), 0.28 +/- 0.02 (WW), and 0.11 +/- 0.02 (ACP). The highest genetic correlation was found between BW and WW (0.36 +/- 0.05), followed by BW and ACP (0.20 +/- 0.09), and BW and GL (0.19 +/- 0.06). Significant direct genetic trends (P &lt; 0.001) were observed for GL, BW, and WW equal to -0.027 days per year, 0.073 kg per year, and 0.8456 kg per year, respectively. Greater emphasis should be given to accumulated productivity and gestation length traits in order to increase the number and weight of weaned calves. As accumulated productivity presents low heritability estimates, genetic improvement through selection could be slow in the Nellore breed. Our study reports genetic progress for weaning weight, since its genetic trend has increased over the years. Similar genetic trend for birth weight was observed, which may be a consequence of selection towards higher body weights at older ages. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Estadual Paulista, UNFSP, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Fac Ciencias Agr &Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilCtr Univ Fundacao Educ Barretos, BR-14783226 Barretos, SP, BrazilUniv Guelph, Ctr Genet Improvement Livestock, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaFundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, BR-79804970 Dourados, MS, BrazilAssociacao Nacl Criadores &Pesquisadores, BR-14020230 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNFSP, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/15480-2FAPESP: 2013/19335-2FAPESP: 2012/23384-