Sunbeam: A Ray of Hope for Trademark Licensees

In the 1985 decision Lubrizol Enterprises v. Richmond Metal Finishers, the Fourth Circuit established that a licensor’s rejection of an intellectual property license under § 365 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code terminates the licensee’s right to continue using the license. Concerned about the detrimental effects that Lubrizol would have on technological development in the United States, Congress responded swiftly by enacting the Intellectual Property Licenses in Bankruptcy Act (IPLBA), which exempted certain forms of intellectual property, such as copyrights, patents, and trade secrets, from rejection under § 365 of the Code. Trademarks, however, are notably absent from Congress’s definition of “intellectual property,” causing the trademark licensing community to question the reach of the IPLBA’s protections. Recently, the Seventh Circuit held that a trademark licensee may continue using a licensed trademark following rejection, despite Congress’s omission of trademarks from its listed definition of “intellectual property.” This Note examines the divide between the Fourth and Seventh Circuits, and it contends that careful consideration of existing executory contract doctrine and the IPLBA’s legislative history, as well as the balance of equities, suggests that trademark licensees should retain their rights to continue utilizing licensed trademarks following rejection

Phase diagram of hole doped two-leg Cu-O ladders

In the weak coupling limit, we establish the phase diagram of a two-leg ladder with a unit cell containing both Cu and O atoms, as a function of doping. We use bosonization and design a specific RG procedure to handle the additional degrees of freedom. Significant differences are found with the single orbital case; for purely repulsive interactions, a completely massless quantum critical region is obtained at intermediate carrier concentrations (well inside the bands) where the ground state consists of an incommensurate pattern of orbital currents plus a spin density wave (SDW) structure.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Com

Fractional excitations in the Luttinger liquid

We reconsider the spectrum of the Luttinger liquid (LL) usually understood in terms of phonons (density fluctuations), and within the context of bosonization we give an alternative representation in terms of fractional states. This allows to make contact with Bethe Ansatz which predicts similar fractional states. As an example we study the spinon operator in the absence of spin rotational invariance and derive it from first principles: we find that it is not a semion in general; a trial Jastrow wavefunction is also given for that spinon state. Our construction of the new spectroscopy based on fractional states leads to several new physical insights: in the low-energy limit, we find that the $S_{z}=0$ continuum of gapless spin chains is due to pairs of fractional quasiparticle-quasihole states which are the 1D counterpart of the Laughlin FQHE quasiparticles. The holon operator for the Luttinger liquid with spin is also derived. In the presence of a magnetic field, spin-charge separation is not realized any longer in a LL: the holon and the spinon are then replaced by new fractional states which we are able to describe.Comment: Revised version to appear in Physical Review B. 27 pages, 5 figures. Expands cond-mat/9905020 (Eur.Phys.Journ.B 9, 573 (1999)

La distinción entre teoría y observación, descubrimiento y justificación : algunas implicancias en el pensamiento geográfico

Fil: Gabay, Eliana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letra

Field-induced local moments around nonmagnetic impurities in metallic cuprates

We consider a defect in a strongly correlated host metal and discuss, within a slave boson mean field formalism for the $t-t'-J$ model, the formation of an induced paramagnetic moment which is extended over nearby sites. We study in particular an impurity in a metallic band, suitable for modelling the optimally doped cuprates, in a regime where the impurity moment is paramagnetic. The form of the local susceptibility as a function of temperature and doping is found to agree well with recent NMR experiments, without including screening processes leading to the Kondo effect.Comment: 7 pages, submitted to Phys Rev

High Multiplicity Scheduling with Switching Costs for few Products

We study a variant of the single machine capacitated lot-sizing problem with sequence-dependent setup costs and product-dependent inventory costs. We are given a single machine and a set of products associated with a constant demand rate, maximum loading rate and holding costs per time unit. Switching production from one product to another incurs sequencing costs based on the two products. In this work, we show that by considering the high multiplicity setting and switching costs, even trivial cases of the corresponding "normal" counterparts become non-trivial in terms of size and complexity. We present solutions for one and two products.Comment: 10 pages (4 appendix), to be published in Operations Research Proceedings 201