Knowing Through Unknowing: Unveiling the Reverse Perspective in Lossky’s Apophatic Theology and Its Implications for Orthodox Epistemology

The reverse perspective is a drawing technique of medieval Byzantine iconography, in which the viewer is the point of view of the object depicted in the icon and experiences various perspectives. There is no vanishing point, and the perspective lines do not overlap the mystical reality of the sacred art, but inversely, they start from the depths, ending with the onlooker standing before it. Such distortion of the realistic perspective is a subject of significant scholarly interest. However, theological analysis remains notably absent, leaving an extremely interesting area of study out of focus. Accordingly, this article delves into the theological concepts and implications of the reverse perspective, with a primary focus on Orthodox epistemology through the work of theologian Vladimir Lossky. It aims to demonstrate that the reverse perspective is not merely a stylistic choice but manifests profound theological meaning exploring its relevance for contemporary theological scholarship

ძირითადი კრიმინოლოგიური თეორიები და მათი მნიშვნელობა დანაშაულობის პრევენციის საქმეში

The article reviews main criminological theories and their importance in the prevention of crime, ideas of classical school of criminology and criminal law, criminal anthropology and sociological school in relation to criminality and the cause of crime and prevention. Main directions around the issue are analyzed. Without the science of criminology it is impossible to study the crime in the state and prevent it and improve legislative activities. Criminological expertise of draft laws is of utmost importance to conduct legislative activities without the use of criminological knowledge and it can’t be determined what concrete law, especially, criminal and administrative laws, can be prevented, suppressed, or otherwise provoked by criminal conduct in the future. It is important for the study of complex causes of crimes of criminology and prevention of crime, planning and predicting the crime. Without criminological studies, investigations and rehabilitation of victims of crime can not be re-socialized and, most importantly, legal culture in society can not be increased. Thus, one of the tasks of modern criminology should be to develop criminology and scientific research at the legal faculties of higher education institutions

Implications of job satisfaction shifts with different merger categories: Study of mergers & acquisitions in Georgian financial market

This paper provides an important finding for the managers who believe that employee job satisfaction is a vital factor for the organisational health. Findings of this paper are especially useful for Georgian managers who are involved in M&A process and want to identify a crucial motivation determinant that shapes and influences job satisfaction. This research examines the theory developed by Price Pritchett, Donald Robinson and Russell Clarkson stating that adversarial merger types tend to decrease employee job satisfaction and undermine economical benefit of particular M&A. Theory divides all mergers in four basic categories: Rescues, Collaborations, Contested situations and Raids according to their degree of collaboration. Authors illustrate M&A case studies demonstrating success of collaborative mergers and failure of adversarial ones. Researcher tests precision of above mentioned theory in three Georgian post merger companies. Based on the interviews with the managers who have personally witnessed merger process of companies, researcher allocates merger deal to above mentioned four M&A categories. Then researcher measures shifts between employee pre and post merger job satisfaction using the satisfaction determinants proposed by famous satisfaction measurement instrument JDI (Job descriptive index) developed by Smith, Kendall, and Hulin. Putting together merger categories and job satisfaction shifts in three specific Georgian companies' researcher examines relationship between cooperativeness of mergers and shifts in employee job satisfaction

დანაშაულობა დადანაშაულობისკონტროლისაქართველოში

Determination of the problem of crime has the greatest criminological and legal importance. First of all, it must be determined what we are dealing with the phenomenon of crime and only after these we must discuss about the causing reasons of criminality and social control measures. We formulated the criminal notion of crime as a difficult socio-legal phenomenon, which will bring together the two main criteria – criminal offenses on the one hand, and on the other hand its particularly dangerous deviation, in Georgia as such are considered alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, suicide and gambling games. From these two criteria of criminality the equal importance should be given to both directions of control, because we are confident that it will be impossible to prevent crime without solving the problem of deviation

The high-pressure phase of boron, {\gamma}-B28: disputes and conclusions of 5 years after discovery

{\gamma}-B28 is a recently established high-pressure phase of boron. Its structure consists of icosahedral B12 clusters and B2 dumbbells in a NaCl-type arrangement (B2){\delta}+(B12){\delta}- and displays a significant charge transfer {\delta}~0.5- 0.6. The discovery of this phase proved essential for the understanding and construction of the phase diagram of boron. {\gamma}-B28 was first experimentally obtained as a pure boron allotrope in early 2004 and its structure was discovered in 2006. This paper reviews recent results and in particular deals with the contentious issues related to the equation of state, hardness, putative isostructural phase transformation at ~40 GPa, and debates on the nature of chemical bonding in this phase. Our analysis confirms that (a) calculations based on density functional theory give an accurate description of its equation of state, (b) the reported isostructural phase transformation in {\gamma}-B28 is an artifact rather than a fact, (c) the best estimate of hardness of this phase is 50 GPa, (d) chemical bonding in this phase has a significant degree of ionicity. Apart from presenting an overview of previous results within a consistent view grounded in experiment, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics, we present new results on Bader charges in {\gamma}-B28 using different levels of quantum-mechanical theory (GGA, exact exchange, and HSE06 hybrid functional), and show that the earlier conclusion about significant degree of partial ionicity in this phase is very robust

Speaking issues in primary classes

Context: This study took place in Batumi Public School No.15, where a primary English language teacher investigated the speaking reluctance observed among her students. The school serves approximately 1,000 students from middle-class families. English is taught as a second language, with students demonstrating varying language proficiency from A1 to B1 levels. Aims: The primary aim of the research is to understand the underlying causes of the students' reluctance to speak in English, despite their knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. The teacher formulated exploratory questions to uncover students' perceptions of speaking activities, their preferences, and the challenges they face during these tasks. Methods: To gather data, the teacher employed a questionnaire featuring multiple-choice and open-ended questions, completed by 28 fifth-grade students. A focus group discussion provided further qualitative insights. Additionally, classroom observations were conducted over four weeks, allowing a colleague to assess students' engagement and the effectiveness of the speaking activities implemented. Findings: The analysis revealed that most students enjoy speaking activities; 22 out of 28 expressed positive feelings towards these tasks. While students generally felt confident, some reported confusion and a lack of motivation, particularly concerning debates and discussions. The teacher's supportive feedback was largely viewed as beneficial, contributing to a positive learning environment. However, students expressed a preference for dialogues and role-plays over group discussions, where their reluctance was more pronounced. Implications: The findings highlight the need for a differentiated approach to speaking activities that caters to students' varying interests and abilities. While dialogues and role-plays can be effective, there is a recognition that expanding the repertoire of activities is necessary for developing overall speaking skills. This study underscores the importance of individualised support and fostering an environment where all students feel encouraged to participate, which may inform best practices among other educators

OBTAINING OF HYDRO-INSULATION MATERIALS, PENETRANTS AND OTHER DEFICIENT LOW- TONNAGE PRODUCTS FROM PETROLEUM

Hydro-insulation of building constructions, different purpose structures is one of the most important and urgent problems of the present day. Currently concrete, ferroconcrete, metal and wooden materials are used for this purpose. Materials of this kind are not produced in the South Caucasian region. Their import, transportation, clearance by the customs and other expenses significantly increase the cost of buildings and makes it unprofitable to use them. Excreted from petroleum products – paraffins and cerezines, petrolatum, luminophores and various purpose binders, can become profitable basis for obtaining of moderm hydroinsulation materials. Their inclusion in modern hydroinsulation compositions will help to increase quality of these materials and to decrease their cost. By mixing of the goudron obtained as a result of rectification of oil pipeline sediments with milled secondary tyre casting, liquid glass, quarz sand and several additives – new hydroinsulation material was obtained.Hydro-insulation of building constructions, different purpose structures is one of the most important and urgent problems of the present day. Currently concrete, ferroconcrete, metal and wooden materials are used for this purpose. Materials of this kind are not produced in the South Caucasian region. Their import, transportation, clearance by the customs and other expenses significantly increase the cost of buildings and makes it unprofitable to use them. Excreted from petroleum products – paraffins and cerezines, petrolatum, luminophores and various purpose binders, can become profitable basis for obtaining of moderm hydroinsulation materials. Their inclusion in modern hydroinsulation compositions will help to increase quality of these materials and to decrease their cost. By mixing of the goudron obtained as a result of rectification of oil pipeline sediments with milled secondary tyre casting, liquid glass, quarz sand and several additives – new hydroinsulation material was obtained

დანაშაულობის გამომწვევი მიზეზების კრიმინოლოგიური ასპექტები

In modern criminology, the threefold division of the causes of crime is accepted: physical; Anthropological and social. However, it should be noted that in modern criminology there is an opinion that the reasons are divided into two parts. In particular, physical factors should be removed from this classification and the causes of crime should be divided into social and anthropological categories. For modern criminology, in relation to the causes of crime, it would be most appropriate to take into account the vast experience of the past and to conduct our further research in a three-part classification: studying anthropological, physical and social causes and influencing these causes, developing prevention measures. Experience has clearly shown that the science of criminology in the fight against crime, occupies a leading place among the social sciences, whose recommendations should be taken into account as much as possible in the social control of crime