Problems of for mation of the System of Local Self-Government of Russia: Theory and Reality

The article deals with the main problems of formation and effective functioning of the system of local self-government. Features of activity of system of this level of the power in modern Russian practice are noted.В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы формирования и эффективного функционирования системы местного самоуправления. Отмечены особенности деятельности системы данного уровня власти в современной российской практике

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CERIUM DIOXIDE-BASED POWDER DOPED GADOLINIUM BY CONTROLLED DOUBLE-JET DEPOSITION

In this work, the characteristics of cerium-based powders stabilized with gadolinium obtained using the controlled double-jet deposition method were investigated. As a result, the conditions for the synthesis of the highest quality powder were determined.Выражаю благодарность Галиаскаровой Марие Равилевне за ценные советы при планировании исследования и рекомендации

A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic

[Abstract] We investigate mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) and nuclear (ITS2, 28S rDNA) genetic structure of North East Atlantic lineages of Terebellides, a genus of sedentary annelids mainly inhabiting continental shelf and slope sediments. We demonstrate the presence of more than 25 species of which only seven are formally described. Species boundaries are determined with molecular data using a broad range of analytical methods. Many of the new species are common and wide spread, and the majority of the species are found in sympatry with several other species in the complex. Being one of the most regularly encountered annelid taxa in the North East Atlantic, it is more likely to find an undescribed species of Terebellides than a described one.Funding: Financial support was provided by the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative [http://www.biodiversity.no/Pages/135523] to AN (Cryptic polychaete species in Norwegian waters, knr 49-13, pnr 70184228), to EO, TB and JAK (Polychaetes in Skagerrak, knr 53-09, pnr 70184216), to TB, EO and JAK (Polychaetes in the Norwegian Sea, knr 55-12, pnr 70184227); and by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative [https://www.artdatabanken.se/en/the-swedish-taxonomy-initiative/] (Polychaete species complexes in Swedish waters, dnr 140/07 1.4 and 166/08 1.4), and Kungliga Fysiografiska sällskapet Nilsson-Ehle donationerna [https://www.fysiografen.se/sv/] to AN; and by the ForBio Research School funded by the Research Council of Norway [https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Home_page/1177315753906] (project no. 248799) and the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative (pnr 70184215) and the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2016-20799) funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares and the European Social Fund to MC; and by Akvaplan Niva [http://www.akvaplan.niva.no/en/] to AS and JP. Publication fees were covered by NTNU's [https://www.ntnu.no/] Publishing Fund to MC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Acknowledgments We would like to give our greatest thanks to the staff and crew on all scientific expeditions mentioned in the material and method section. Special thanks to Stefan Agrenius for donating specimen 2045_4 from Byfjorden. We also would like to thank Juan Moreira (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain) for the line drawings in Fig 2.Norge. Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative; 70184228Norge. Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative; 70184216Norge. Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative; 70184227Norge. Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative; 70184215Sverige. Swedish Taxonomy Initiative; 166/08 1.4Sverige. Swedish Taxonomy Initiative; 140/07 1.4Norge. ForBio Research School; 24879

Identification and Intraspecific Typing of Plague Microbe Strains with Their Potential Virulence Determination Using PCR

Developed is the method of identification and intraspecific typing of plague microbe strains along with their potential virulence determination. Intraspecific differentiation and focal attribution of the examined plague microbe strains can be determined by monolocus VNTR-PCR, and main virulence determinants (chromosomal pigmentation region and calcium-dependence plasmid genes) - by multiplex PCR

Experimental Substantiation of the Possibility to Use Finite Cell Line CHO-K1 for Determination of Specific Activity of Components of Chemical Cholera Vaccine

Objective was to experimentally substantiate the possibility to use the finite cell line CHO-K1 for measuring specific activity of cholera toxin and component of the vaccine choleragen-anatoxin in the process of chemical cholera vaccine manufacturing. Materials and methods. The studies involved the finite cell line CHO-K. The registration of results of bio-indication method was performed visually with the help of inverted microscope and photometrically - in colorimetric test for the assessment of metabolic activity of the cells at the wave length of 595 nm. Results and discussion. The proposed method allows for determining the toxin-production activity of Vibrio cholerae 569B strain during submerged cultivation in bioreactor and specific activity of choleragen-anatoxin by anatoxin binding measuring using cell cultures. The results correlate with the data obtained using intradermal Craig’s technique, GM1-ELISA and radial passive immune hemolysis (RPIH). Introduction of cell culture method into practice will provide for significant decrease in the volumes of usage of animals at the stages of manufacturing of chemical bivalent cholera vaccine

Can physical activity immediately increase attention span and verbal working memory in adolescents: an empirical study

Background. There is a large body of empirical evidence supporting the positive effects of systematic exercise on cognitive development of children and adolescents. However, the results on the immediate effect of physical activity on cognitive functions (in particular attention and memory) which can potentially come immediately after exercise, are practically lacking or quite contradictory. Objective. The study had its purpose to investigate the immediate effect of physical activity on the measures of attention span and working memory capacity in adolescents. Study Participants. The study involved 190 schoolchildren (54% girls) aged 13–17 (M = 14.73, SD = 1.61) from several regions of Russian Federation. Methods. The “Schulte's tables” were used for diagnostics of attention stability. Working memory scores were measured by means of “Memorization of 10 words”. Results. Comparison of averages demonstrated no significant differences in the indicators of attention stability before and after physical activity (t = 9401, p = 0.131). In contrast, working memory indices were significantly lower after exercise (W = 7257, p < 0.001). Apart from that, girls were shown to memorize and reproduce on average more material than boys. Conclusions. Thus, the obtained results indicate that there is no immediate positive effect of physical activity on the attention span and working memory capacity in adolescents. This may mean that the relationship between the indicators of attention stability, working memory capacity and physical activity is more complex and nonlinear, which requires further study

Investigating the stability of the Properties of Vibrio cholerae strains – Producers of Active Components of the Chemical Cholera Vaccine

One of the key requirements to producer strains used in the manufacturing of immunobiological preparations is their stability, which consists in maintaining the main cultural, morphological, physiological, and productive properties in a series of generations. This paper describes a comprehensive methodological approach to testing strain stability using in vitro techniques.The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrated analysis of the stability in the strains that produce active components of the chemical cholera vaccine when preparing seed material and at the stage of cultivation.Materials and methods. Toxigenic strains of Vibrio сholerae 569B of the classical biovar, serovar Inaba and V. сholerae M-41 of the classical biovar, serovar Ogawa were used in the work. Cell morphology was monitored through light and transmission electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was applied to measure the main parameters of the bacterial cell. The strains were tested for the presence of ctxA gene in the chromosome using the “GenChol” test system with electrophoretic registration of results. Whole genome sequencing of the strains was performed on the Ion Torrent PGM platform using the Ion 318 Chip Kit and the Ion PGM Hi-Q View Chef 400 Kit. To determine the specific activity of cholera toxin and O-antigen, a DOT immunoassay with a conjugate based on staphylococcal protein A and colloidal gold nanoparticles was applied.Results and discussion. The stability of the main properties of industrial V. сholerae strains – producers of the active components of the chemical cholera vaccine has been confirmed using microbiological, immunochemical, molecular-genetic methods and microscopic analysis at all stages of cultivation, and the prospects for using the integrated methodological approach experimentally substantiated. Tailoring of these methods will make it possible to control the stability of producer strains, optimize cultivation conditions and, as a result, increase the yield of the necessary antigenic component of the vaccine

Hardware-Controlled Method of Desalting Antigen Components of Cholera Chemical Vaccine

Experimentally substantiated is the possibility to apply tangential ultrafiltration for desalting antigen components of the tableted bivalent chemical cholera vaccine. Specified are the technological parameters of the process. It is demonstrated that the properties of choleragen-anatoxin (produced by Vibrio cholerae strain 569B Inaba) and O-antigens (produced from V. cholerae 569B Inaba and M-41 Ogawa strains) obtained using the designed methodology are as efficient as the ones manufactured using certified procedure and satisfy regulatory requirements. Experimentally substantiated technology for the desalting of antigen components of chemical cholera vaccine provides for the reduction of the time elapsed up to 5-6 hours from the original 3 to 4 days. It also allows for the manufacturing under controlled conditions. This hard-ware controlled method of desalting has been implemented into the vaccine production practice

The «noise pollution» of the department of resuscitation(NICU)

The objective of research consisted in definition of levels of noise during a regular operating mode of branch of resuscitation of newborn, revealing of dependence of noise level from time of days, quantity of patients, the employees, the functioning equipment, intensity of work, the area of chambers; allocation of the basic sources "noise pollution» and substantiations of carrying out of preventive actions on decreasing noise level. Materials and research methods: measurements of noise levels in resuscitation chambers and adjacent premises with them during a regular operating mode of branch of resuscitation of newborns and preterm baby were doing. The minimum and maximum noise was investigated in an operating time of the basic and auxiliary the resuscitation equipment in a constant-variable mode, and noise was made by employees in the course of intensive treatment, care of newborn children and procedural nurse-engineering and organizational actions. The level of noise of functional premises NICU within days at constantly working respiratory devices, incubators for newborns, monitors and additional the equipment in presence and without employees are defined in a range 46 - 66 dBA. The level of peak noise in resuscitation chambers at activation of signals of monitors and devices IVL working suction, equipment movement, at carrying out resuscitation action with children, conversations and vocal commands was defined in a range - 62 - 94 dBA without dependence from time of days, quantity of patients and employees and the functioning equipment. Results of research have shown high level «noise pollution» in resuscitation branch at any time. Noise levels depend on branch operating mode. At a super intensive mode, when patients come in ,or the maximum monitor and handling activity work, or all children demands artificial ventilation of the lungs with the expanded monitor support) noise was above, than in chambers of intensive therapy, when children are on independent breath and get infusional therapy and feeding). Deducing of a chamber of compressors from the basic premises, transition to is centralized the system of maintenance with medical gases, regulation of level of signals of monitors, protective noisy absorbing covers for incubators, rational arrangementing of the equipment, refusal of the expanded consultations and discussion at bed of the patient, refusal of selector communication and telephone calling in branch, formation of ’quiet time' allow to lower noise level on 25 - 50 %.Цель исследования заключалась в определении уровней эксплуатационного шума в штатном режиме работы отделения реанимации новорождённых, выявлении зависимости уровня шума от времени суток, количества больных, сотрудников, функционирующего оборудования, интенсивности работы, площади палат; выделении основных источников «шумового загрязнения» и обоснования проведения профилактических мероприятий по снижению уровня шума. Материалы и методы исследования: проведены измерения уровней шума в реанимационных палатах и смежных с ними помещениях в штатном режиме работы отделения реанимации новорождённых и недоношенных детей. Исследовался корригированный, минимальный и максимальный шум, во время работы основного и вспомогательного реанимационно-анестезиологического оборудования в постоянно-переменном режиме, а так же шум производимый сотрудниками в процессе интенсивного лечения, ухода за новорождёнными детьми и регламентных санитарно-технических и организационных мероприятий. Уровни корригированного шума функциональных помещений ОРИТН в течение суток при постоянно работающих респираторных устройствах для интенсивной терапии, инкубаторах для новорождённых, мониторах и вспомогательном оборудовании в присутствие и без сотрудников определены в диапазоне 46 - 66 дБА. Уровни пиковых шумов в реанимационных палатах при активации сигналов мониторов и аппаратов ИВ/1, работающих аспираторах, передвижении оборудования, при проведении реанимационных мероприятий с детьми, разговорах и голосовых командах определялся в диапазоне - 62 - 94 дБА вне зависимости от времени суток, количества больных и сотрудников и функционирующего оборудования. Результаты исследования показали высокий уровень «шумового загрязнения» в отделении реанимации в любое время суток. Уровни шума зависели от режима работы отделения. При суперинтенсивном режиме (поступление больных, максимальная мониторная и манипуляционная активность, все дети на ИВЛ с расширенным мониторным сопровождением) шум был выше, чем в палатах интенсивной терапии (дети на самостоятельном дыхании, на инфузионной поддержке и энтеральном кормлении). Выведение палатных компрессоров из основных помещений, переход на централизованную систему обеспечения медицинскими газами, регуляция уровня сигналов мониторов, защитные шумопоглощающие чехлы на инкубаторы, рациональная расстановка оборудования, отказ от расширенных консилиумов и обходов у постели больного, отказ от селекторной связи и телефонных переговоров в отделении, формирование «тихих часов» позволяют снизить уровень шума на 25 — 50%