Advances in genetic breeding for processing tomatoes

de mejora genética en tomate para industria, asistido por marcadores moleculares, con el objetivo principal de generar cultivares autopolinizadas, especialmente orientadas a pequeños productores, como opción al uso de cultivares híbridas, resistentes a nematodos (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria y M. javanica), peste negra (TSWV) y peca del tomate (Pseudomonas tomato syringae pv. tomato). En el proceso de mejora se siguió el método de retrocruza y selección genealógica. Las determinaciones de marcadores moleculares fueron realizadas por el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular INTA-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNCuyo). Las líneas avanzadas fueron evaluadas en el Programa Tomate 2000, con testigos híbridos difundidos en el gran cultivo. De los materiales evaluados a 2010-11, se han identificado homocigotos para resistencia combinada a nematodos y peste negra; igualmente para nematodos, peste negra y peca del tomate y homocigotos a nematodos, peste negra y peca del tomate. También se han determinado materiales heterocigotos en distintas combinaciones de los genes bajo estudio. Líneas avanzadas del programa de mejora, no arrojaron diferencias significativas con los testigos híbridos, en ensayos comparativos de rendimiento (kg·ha-1). Se analizan recomendaciones de cultivo y destino de los materiales.At the EEA La Consulta, INTA, a molecular assisted breeding program for processing tomatoes started in 2001 with the aim to generate self-pollinated cultivars, specially oriented for small growers. One of the main objectives of breeding program is the introduction of resistance to nematodes (Meloidoyne incognita, M. arenaria y M. javanica), tomato spotted wild virus (TSWV) and, tomato speck (Pseudomonas tomato syringae pv. tomato) as an alternative to use foreign and expensive hybrids cultivars. Breeding lines were obtained by pedigree and backcross selection methods.fake watches Early selection of resistant plants was done using molecular markers linked to nematode and TSWV. Molecular marker determinations were performed by the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the INTA-Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (UNCuyo). Advanced breeding lines were tested against commercial hybrids in the Tomato 2000 Program. From all the materials evaluated up to 2010-11,a cartier replica we have identified homozygous lines that combine resistance to nematodes and tomato spotted wilt virus; homozygous lines that combine resistance to nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato speck and homozygous lines resistant to nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato speck (in separate genotypes). Also, heterozygous lines in different combinations for the genes under study. In comparative trials,fake watches the yiel (kg·ha-1) of the new lines did not have significant differences from controls. Horticultural recommendations are discussed.Fil: Gallardo, G. S.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina;Fil: Masuelli, Ricardo Williams. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Mendoza. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza; Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina;Fil: Ferrer, S,. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Mendoza. Instituto de Biologia Agricola de Mendoza; Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina

Mesiodistal sizes and intermaxillary tooth-size ratios of two populations; Spanish and Peruvian. A comparative study

Introduction: Adequate tooth-size ratios are required to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment. Consequently, various methods of measuring tooth-size ratios have been developed being the Bolton ratio the most commonly accepted, known and used one. This ratio depending directly on mesiodistal tooth size has been associated with different ethnic backgrounds. Some authors suggest the need for specific standards for every population. Objectives: The objectives of our study were; to measure and to compare mesiodistal tooth sizes and the Anterior and Overall Bolton ratios in two different populations, one Peruvian and the other Spanish with the same digital method. Material and Methods: The sample included 149 individuals composed of two groups; 99 Spanish (mean age 14.19), 65 being females and 34 males and 50 Peruvian (mean age 14.46), 18 being males and 32 females. The mesiodistal sizes of each of the patients were measured using a digital method and the Anterior and Overall Bolton ratios were calculated. Results: Tooth size does indeed involve a strong ethnic component, and the Anterior Bolton ratio is specific for each ethnic group. Conclusions: The conclusions are; tooth sizes of the Peruvian population were greater than those of the Spanish population. The Anterior Bolton ratio of Peruvian individuals was greater than that of the Spanish, whereas no differences were found for Overall Bolton ratio. These differences suggest the need for specific standards for the Spanish and Peruvian population. © Medicina Oral S. L

Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes.

Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross-biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross-validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies

Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect.

Identifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using 13C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO2 release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios

A gold(III) pincer ligand scaffold for the synthesis of binuclear and bioconjugated complexes: synthesis and anticancer potential

Cyclometalated (C^N^C)Au(III) complexes bearing functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands provide a high-yielding, modular route to bioconjugated and binuclear complexes. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of bioconjugated complexes presenting biotin and 17α-ethynylestradiol vectors, as well as to the synthesis of bimetallic Au(III)/Au(I) complexes. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of these compounds against various cancer cells lines depend on the linker length, with the longer linker being the most potent. The estradiol conjugate AuC6Estra proved to be more toxic against the estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cancer cells than against the ER- cancer cells and non-cancer cells. The bimetallic complex AuC6Au was more selective for breast cancer cells with respect to a healthy cell standard than the monometallic complex AuNHC. The metal uptake study on cells expressing or not biotin and estrogen receptors revealed an improved and targeted delivery of gold for both the bioconjugated complexes AuC6Biot and AuC6Estra compared to the non-vectorised analogue AuNHC. The investigations of the interaction of the bioconjugates and bimetallic complexes with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA using FRET-melting techniques revealed a reduced ability to stabilize this DNA structure with respect to the non-vectorised analogue AuNHC

Faculty-Driven Design: How a Successful Online Core Teaching Certification Was Developed, Implemented, and Revised Over Time

We developed a teaching certification for higher education faculty to provide participants across North Carolina State University with the pedagogical skills required to excel in their teaching endeavors. The certification has evolved; its current configuration is an online, asynchronous program of study that faculty can complete at their own pace over one year. The Office for Faculty Excellence administers then certification a Faculty Fellow facilitates the certification, providing support and guidance to the participants in multiple modalities. In this article, we discuss how the certificate was developed, administered, and revised over time, and we conclude with takeaways and practical implementation strategies for establishing and coordinating similar programs at other institutions

Enantiopure titanocene complexes: direct evidence for paraptosis in cancer cells

Tolerated by normal tissues, anti-cancer therapies based on titanium compounds are limited by low efficacy/selectivity and lack of understanding of their mode(s) of action. In vitro antitumour activity and mode of cell death incurred by enantiopure TiCl2{n-C5H4CHEt(2 MeOPh)}2 (abbreviated CpR 2TiCl2) has been investigated. The in vitro anti-tumour activity of CpR 2TiCl2 is selective for cancer cells; in clonogenic assays, (S,S)-CpR 2TiCl2 was twice as effective at inhibiting colony formation than other stereoisomers after 24 h exposure. HPLC, MS and NMR techniques determined hydrolysis of CpR 2TiCl2; data strongly correlate with soluble [CpR 2Ti(OH (OH2)]+ being the biological trigger. Treatment of cells with CpR 2TiCl2 provoked extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling and activation of MAPKinase signal transduction, consistent with ligand-induced paraptosis, type III cell death, which is morphologically distinct from, and independent of apoptosis. Indeed, distinct from cisplatin, CpR 2TiCl2 failed to perturb cell cycle dynamics, induce γH2AX foci or evoke apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 and HCT-116 cells

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13