Challenges of measuring body temperatures of free-ranging birds and mammals

The thermal physiology of most birds and mammals is characterised by considerable spatial and temporal variation in body temperature. Body temperature is, therefore, a key parameter in physiological, behavioural and ecological research. Temperature measurements on freely moving or free-ranging animals in the wild are challenging but can be undertaken using a range of techniques. Internal temperature may be sampled using thermometry, surgically implanted loggers or transmitters, gastrointestinal or non-surgically placed devices. Less invasive approaches measure peripheral temperature with subcutaneous passive integrated transponder tags or skin surface-mounted radio transmitters and data loggers, or use infrared thermography to record surface temperature. Choice of technique is determined by focal research question and region of interest that reflects appropriate physiological or behavioural causal mechanisms of temperature change, as well as welfare and logistical considerations. Particularly required are further studies that provide opportunities of continuously sampling from multiple sites from within the body. This will increase our understanding of thermoregulation and temperature variation in different parts of the body and how these temperatures may change in response to physiological, behavioural and environmental parameters. Technological advances that continue to reduce the size and remote sensing capability of temperature recorders will greatly benefit field research

Ações Sociais e Ambientais Estratégicas em Instituições de Ensino Superior Pertencentes ao Sistema ACAFE

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar as estratégias de gestão social e ambiental em instituições de ensino superior vinculadas ao Sistema ACAFE. O estudo caracteriza-se como survey utilizando uma abordagem predominantemente descritiva. A coleta foi realizada em agosto de 2006 e utilizou os sites de dezesseis instituições de ensino do Estado de Santa Catarina a fim de observar as estratégias de responsabilidade social das instituições, em especial as ações referentes à contribuição para inclusão social, desenvolvimento econômico, defesa do meio ambiente, preservação da memória cultural e produção artística. Os resultados evidenciam que 50% das instituições demonstram compromisso com os programas de inclusão social, ação informativa e inclusão digital. Os indicadores de relações com o setor público, o setor produtivo e o mercado de trabalho mostram que 56% das instituições não mantêm esse tipo de relacionamento. A responsabilidade social no ensino e na extensão é demonstrada por 81% das instituições de ensino

ESTOQUES DE COMMODITIES: ANÃLISE DO VALOR SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA DO CUSTO CORRENTE

Due to the volatility of commodity prices, the application of the current cost theory in the evaluation of stocks is essential for providing information on the performance of agricultural cooperatives. The objective of this work was to check the economies and diseconomies in the stock cost of three commodities (soye, wheat and corn) in an agricultural cooperative in the state of Paraná. A descriptive and quantitative research was carried out, including a case study demonstrating the use of market quotas as an alternative to the evaluation of stocks according to information on current prices of agricultural commodities. The results show differences between the stock values appraised by the historic cost, the corrected historic cost, the current cost and the corrected current cost. Using the historic cost, no economy or diseconomy was observed. With the corrected historic cost there is a small economy of cost. However, using the current cost and the corrected current cost there is a considerable economy, which highlights the importance of the current cost theory. The application of the current cost theory in the evaluation of actives, when market information is available, is essential for obtaining satisfactory results because it increases the utility of the information provided.current cost theory, cost economy or diseconomy, commodities.,

Malting barley BRS Borema

BRS Borema is an early maturing, two-rowed spring barley registered in 2003 for commercial production inSouthern Brazil, bred by Embrapa Trigo. It combines good yield potential with superior malting quality and a reasonable levelof disease (net blotch, powdery mildew, leaf rust) resistance. It is well-adapted to all major production regions of maltingbarley in Brazil