Three dimensional flow field inside compressor rotor, including blade boundary layers

The space marching code was modified in order to be able to predict the flow field inside a rotor passage, including the blade and hub wall boundary layers. The basic changes incorporated are modifications of the equations so that the code can handle three dimensional configurations with changes in the radial direction (for example changes in stagger angle, blade camber and thickness), extensions and modifications in order to implement a physically realistic turbulence model such as a k sigma model and an algebraic Reynolds stress model

Three dimensional flow field inside compressor rotor, including blade boundary layers

The flow in a turbomachinery blade passage has a predominant flow direction. The viscous diffusion in the streamwise direction is usually small and the elliptic influence is transmitted upstream through the pressure field. Starting with a guessed pressure field, it is possible to converge on the full elliptic solution by iterating between a parabolic solution and an iteration of the pressure field. The main steps of the calculation are given. The blade boundary layers which are three dimensional with laminar, transitional, turbulent, and separation zones are investigated. The kinetic energy is analyzed, and the dissipation equation is presented. Measurements were made of the three dimensional flow inside an axial flow compressor passage

Inclusiones parasitarias compatibles con Ehrlichia spp. Y Hepatozoon canis concomitantes en un neutrófilo

Se describe el caso clínico de una Cócker de 5 años de edad que llegó a nuestro centro veterinario con sintomatología compatible con ehrlichiosis, detectándose, en un frotis sanguíneo, la presencia en un mismo neutrófilo de una mórula de Ehrlichia y un gametocito de Hepatozoon canis. El animal respondió favorablemente al tratamiento con doxiciclina, dipropionato de imidocarb y atropina. La última reorganización taxonómica del género Ehrlichia ha dividido este género en tres; género Anaplasma, género Neorickettsia y género Ehrlichia, de forma que el clínico veterinario debe conocer las especies de Ehrlichia más frecuentes en su zona de trabajo, la sintomatología asociada y los hallazgos de laboratorio típicos de cada especie para poder llegar a un diagnóstico etiológico final de ehrlichiosis. La serología (junto a otras pruebas de laboratorio) es el método más utilizado para el diagnóstico final de ehrlichiosis, siendo necesario conocer bien sus beneficios y limitaciones porque nos puede llevar a diagnosticar fundamentalmente, falsos negativos. Además, es difícil saber con exactitud qué especie de Ehrlichia ha provocado la enfermedad debido a las reacciones serológicas cruzadas entre algunas especies próximas filogenéticamente. Por eso, con el fin de conocer exactamente la especie de Ehrlichia involucrada en la infección, se puede recurrir a la ayuda de técnicas de diagnóstico molecular.

Ketogenic diets: neurodegenerative and rare diseases

Treballs Finals de Grau de Farmàcia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. Tutor/a: Escolano Miron, Maria CarmenThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein diet that was first described in 1921, with the goal of mimicking the anticonvulsant effects of fasting. KD causes an increased ketone bodies production, allowing the brain to obtain an alternative fuel to glucose. Recently, its clinical use has expanded notoriously, as well as scientific interest, due to its possible positive effects on various diseases. Based on a bibliographic research, this work aims to analyse the current information on KD and its variants, in addition to review some studies that assess its application in two illnesses: glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as examples of rare and neurodegenerative illness, respectively. On one hand, GLUT1DS is an encephalopathy with a wide spectrum of manifestations, with seizures being the most common. In this disorder, KD-derived ketone bodies represent an efficient alternative energy source. On the other hand, AD is the most frequent cause of dementia and its incidence is expected to increase in the coming decades. Currently, there is no cure, so the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies may decrease the mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation present in AD. Although overall, both the reported cases of GLUT1DS and preclinical and clinical studies in AD demonstrate clinical benefits with KDs, more research is needed to better understand their role in diverse diseases.La dieta cetogénica (DC) es una dieta alta en grasas, baja en carbohidratos y moderada en proteínas que fue descrita por primera vez en 1921, con el objetivo imitar los efectos anticonvulsivos del ayuno. La DC provoca un aumento en la producción cuerpos cetónicos, permitiendo al cerebro obtener un combustible alternativo a la glucosa. Recientemente su uso clínico se ha expandido notoriamente, así como también el interés científico, por sus posibles efectos positivos en diversas enfermedades. A partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica, este trabajo pretende analizar la información actual de la DC y sus variantes, y revisar algunos estudios que evalúen su aplicación en dos enfermedades: el síndrome de deficiencia del transportador de glucosa tipo 1 (SDGLUT1) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), como ejemplos de enfermedad rara y neurodegenerativa, respectivamente. Por una parte, el SDGLUT1 es una encefalopatía con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones, siendo las crisis convulsivas las más comunes. En esta enfermedad, los cuerpos cetónicos representan una eficaz fuente alternativa de energía. Por otra parte, la EA es la causa más común de demencia y se prevé que su incidencia aumente en las próximas décadas. Actualmente, no existe una cura, por tanto, los efectos neuroprotectores de los cuerpos cetónicos podrían disminuir la disfunción mitocondrial, estrés oxidativo y neuroinflamación presentes en la EA. Aunque en general, tanto los casos reportados de SDGLUT1 como los estudios preclínicos y clínicos en EA, demuestran beneficios clínicos con las DCs, se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor su papel en diversas enfermedades

Successful high dose antipsychotic treatment with cariprazine in patients on the schizophrenia spectrum : Real-world evidence from a Spanish hospital setting

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Galmes and Rancans.Real-world evidence fills in an important gap by providing data on the effectiveness and tolerability of new medications in everyday patients. In this data collection form a Spanish hospital, the effectiveness and tolerability of cariprazine were evaluated in 14 patients who were admitted to the hospital due to an acute episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The collected data included demographic characteristics, history of disorder and previous treatment, and details of cariprazine therapy such as dosing, side effects and measurements of effectiveness via scales. Difference between admission and discharge on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale scores were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Significant improvement was detected in nearly all patients (one patient dropped out) as measured by the BPRS Total, Negative symptom, Positive symptom, and Hostility scores. At admission, patients were markedly-moderately ill and at discharge the severity was reduced to borderline ill and normal according to the CGI-S. The CGI-Improvement scale also indicated very much and much improvement at discharge. Importantly, patients left the hospital with high doses of cariprazine, i.e., 7.5 mg/day or even 9.0 mg/day, but this did not cause safety problems; cariprazine well-tolerated as only a few patients experienced side effects such as akathisia. The results provide novel evidence regarding the tolerability and effectiveness of cariprazine in high doses patients on the schizophrenia spectrum.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Vps3 and Vps8 control integrin trafficking from early to recycling endosomes and regulate integrin-dependent functions

Recycling endosomes maintain plasma membrane homeostasis and are important for cell polarity, migration, and cytokinesis. Yet, the molecular machineries that drive endocytic recycling remain largely unclear. The CORVET complex is a multi-subunit tether required for fusion between early endosomes. Here we show that the CORVET-specific subunits Vps3 and Vps8 also regulate vesicular transport from early to recycling endosomes. Vps3 and Vps8 localise to Rab4-positive recycling vesicles and co-localise with the CHEVI complex on Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. Depletion of Vps3 or Vps8 does not affect transferrin recycling, but delays the delivery of internalised integrins to recycling endosomes and their subsequent return to the plasma membrane. Consequently, Vps3/8 depletion results in defects in integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading, focal adhesion formation, and cell migration. These data reveal a role for Vps3 and Vps8 in a specialised recycling pathway important for integrin trafficking

Ergodic properties of Brownian motion under stochastic resetting

We study ergodic properties of one-dimensional Brownian motion with resetting. Using generic classes of statistics of times between resets, we find respectively for thin/fat tailed distributions, the normalized/non-normalised invariant density of this process. The former case corresponds to known results in the resetting literature and the latter to infinite ergodic theory. Two types of ergodic transitions are found in this system. The first is when the mean waiting time between resets diverges, when standard ergodic theory switches to infinite ergodic theory. The second is when the mean of the square root of time between resets diverges and the properties of the invariant density are drastically modified. We then find a fractional integral equation describing the density of particles. This finite time tool is particularly useful close to the ergodic transition where convergence to asymptotic limits is logarithmically slow. Our study implies rich ergodic behaviors for this non-equilibrium process which should hold far beyond the case of Brownian motion analyzed here

Mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO 2: An unappreciated central player in photosynthesis

Mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO 2 is a key photosynthetic trait that has been studied intensively in the past years. The intention of the present review is to update knowledge of g m, and highlight the important unknown and controversial aspects that require future work. The photosynthetic limitation imposed by mesophyll conductance is large, and under certain conditions can be the most significant photosynthetic limitation. New evidence shows that anatomical traits, such as cell wall thickness and chloroplast distribution are amongst the stronger determinants of mesophyll conductance, although rapid variations in response to environmental changes might be regulated by other factors such as aquaporin conductance.Gaps in knowledge that should be research priorities for the near future include: how different is mesophyll conductance among phylogenetically distant groups and how has it evolved? Can mesophyll conductance be uncoupled from regulation of the water path? What are the main drivers of mesophyll conductance? The need for mechanistic and phenomenological models of mesophyll conductance and its incorporation in process-based photosynthesis models is also highlighted.The study was financially supported by the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education (grant SF1090065s07), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects BFU2008-01072 (MEFORE), AGL2009-11310/AGR, BFU2011-23294 (MECOME) and CGL2009-13079-C02-01 (PALEOISOTREE), and the European Commission through European Regional Fund (the Estonian Center of Excellence in Environmental Adaptation), and the Marie Curie project MC-ERG-246725 (FP7). J.P.F. is supported by the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2008-02050). A.G. had a Swiss National Science Fellowship (PA00P3_126259). M.M.B. and C.R.W are supported by Future Fellowships from the Australian Research Council (FT0992063 and FT100100024). C.D. was supported by a grant from the French government and by the cooperation project Tranzfor (Transferring Research between EU and Australia–New Zealand on Forestry and Climate Change, PIRSES-GA-2008-230793) funded by the European Union

Revisión crítica de la hipótesis de la sintaxis más simple (simpler syntax) en el marco de la lingüística generativa

Seminario de grado: Aspectos pragmáticos y gramaticales del discursoVersión original del auto

Metabolic compensation constrains the temperature dependence of gross primary production

Gross primary production (GPP) is the largest flux in the carbon cycle, yet its response to global warming is highly uncertain. The temperature dependence of GPP is directly linked to photosynthetic physiology, but the response of GPP to warming over longer timescales could also be shaped by ecological and evolutionary processes that drive variation in community structure and functional trait distributions. Here, we show that selection on photosynthetic traits within and across taxa dampens the effects of temperature on GPP across a catchment of geothermally heated streams. Autotrophs from cold streams had higher photosynthetic rates and after accounting for differences in biomass among sites, biomass-specific GPP was independent of temperature in spite of a 20 °C thermal gradient. Our results suggest that temperature compensation of photosynthetic rates constrains the long-term temperature dependence of GPP, and highlights the importance of considering physiological, ecological and evolutionary mechanisms when predicting how ecosystem-level processes respond to warming