Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Infusa Daun Mangga Bacang (Mangifera Foetida L.) Terhadap Streptococcus Pneumoniae Secara in Vitro

Latar Belakang: Streptococcus pneumoniae merupakan salah satubakteri penyebab pneumonia pada Balita dengan prevalensi 7% padatahun 2011 dan 6,6% pada tahun 2012. Tanaman mangga bacang(Mangifera foetida L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki genus yangsama dengan Mangifera indica L. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkanbahwa ekstrak etanol daun Mangifera foetida L. memiliki aktivitasantibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri infusa daunmangga bacang (Mangifera foetida L.) terhadap Streptococcuspneumoniae. Metodologi: Daun mangga bacang dibuat menjadi infusadengan pelarut akuades. Infusa yang diperoleh dilakukan skriningfitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakramKirby-Bauer. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 konsentrasi yaitu 100%, 90%,80%, 70%, 60%, 50%. Kontrol positif menggunakan azitromisin 15 µg/diskdan kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Hasil: Uji fitokimia infusa daunmangga bacang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, tanin,saponin dan steroid. Infusa daun mangga bacang tidak dapatmenghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus pneumoniae. Kesimpulan:Infusa daun mangga bacang tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadapStreptococcus pneumoniae

A ética e a Constituição

Versa sobre a ética e a Constituição, abordando-as à luz dos direitos econômico e constitucional

Distinção entre suspensão de vigência e eficácia de norma inconstitucional e materialidade do direito suspenso em processo cautelar de ação direta de inconstitucionalidade com liminar concedida

Trata-se de parecer.Traz reflexão sobre a concessão de liminar nos processos cautelares de ação direta de inconstitucionalidade, apresentando a distinção entre suspensão de vigência e eficácia da norma inconstitucional e materialidade do direito suspenso em processo cautelar de ação direta de inconstitucionalidade com liminar concedida

The Creation of Defects with Core Condensation

Defects in superfluid 3He, high-Tc superconductors, QCD colour superfluids and cosmic vortons can possess (anti)ferromagnetic cores, and their generalisations. In each case there is a second order parameter whose value is zero in the bulk which does not vanish in the core. We examine the production of defects in the simplest 1+1 dimensional scalar theory in which a second order parameter can take non-zero values in a defect core. We study in detail the effects of core condensation on the defect production mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, small corrections, 2 references added, final version to be published in PR

Anomalous metamagnetic-like transition in a FeRh/Fe3_3Pt interface occurring at T120 K in the field-cooled-cooling curves for low magnetic fields

We report on the magnetic properties of a special configuration of a FeRh thin film. An anomalous behavior on the magnetisation vs. temperature was observed when low magnetic fields are applied in the plane of a thin layer of FeRh deposited on ordered Fe$_3$Pt. The anomalous effect resembles a metamagnetic transition and occur only in the field-cooled-cooling magnetisation curve at temperatures near 120 K in samples without any heat treatment.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1008.195

Costs of treating cardiovascular events in Germany: A systematic literature review

Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate available evidence regarding direct medical costs of treating cardiovascular (CV) events in Germany after 2003 on an individual patient basis and from a payer perspective. The CV events of interest were myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, heart failure (HF), stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Method: A systematic literature search was performed in the following databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines - Medline, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, TIBORDER, and German dissertation database from January 2003 to October 2013. Both observational studies and randomized clinical trials were considered for the review. All values stated in € are inflation adjusted to 2014 € unless stated otherwise. Result: This review included 13 articles. For newly occurred MI patients, the average hospitalization costs during the acute phase were reported to be between € 6790 and € 8918 per admission. In the first year after a MI event, direct medical costs were € 13,838-14,792 per patient. Direct medical costs of chronic HF patients were found to be between € 3417 and 5576 per patient per year. Treatment costs increase with disease progression. The average treatment costs for hospitalized PAD in the acute phase were reported to be € 4963 per admission, € 2535 per patient during month 1-6 after the initial hospitalization, € 1601 in month 7-12, and € 1390 in month 13-18. For stroke of all types, total direct medical costs in the 1st year after an event were reported to be € 13,273 per patient. Total direct medical costs during the 1st year after an ischemic stroke event were € 17,399-21,954 per patient, € 6260 in month 13-18, and € 6496 per year in the subsequent 4 years. Conclusion: MI, unstable angina, HF, stroke and PAD have a high financial impact on the German health care system. Treatment costs of these diseases are mostly incurred during the acute phase of events and tend to decrease over time. Hospitalization and rehabilitation costs were two major cost drivers. Medication costs was one of the smallest cost component reported