Device to color modulate a stationary light beam gives high intensity

Signal controlled system color modulates a beam of light while also providing high intensity and a stationary beam, either collimated or focused. The color modulation acquired by the presented system can be compatible with any color film by employing color filters formed to provide a color wedge having a color distribution compatible with the films color sensitivity

An Appellate Mechanism for Review of Arbitral Decisions in Investor - State Disputes: Prospects and Challenges

Current support for such an appellate mechanism is largely derived from Congressional and NGO concerns regarding certain arbitral decisions rendered under NAFTA’s Chapter 11, where questions as to the consistency of tribunal interpretation of investment rules have been raised. Incorporation of such a mechanism or mechanisms in free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties is effectively required by the President’s 2002 “Trade Promotion Authority.” Negotiation and drafting of an agreement establishing such a mechanism will commence shortly (three months) after the United States – Central America – Dominican Free Trade Agreement enters into force, probably January 1, 2006. The article discusses the genesis and rationale for the appellate mechanism concept; existing procedures under ICSID and elsewhere for review of arbitral awards; and the legal challenges for the negotiators. This last group includes questions relating to the standard of review; various procedural and jurisdictional issues; transparency arrangements; a possible bonding requirement; choice of law; structure and membership; situs of the mechanism; dealing with member conflicts of interest; and the need to modify existing FTAs and BITs

Dosimetric evidence confirms computational model for magnetic field induced dose distortions of therapeutic proton beams

Given the sensitivity of proton therapy to anatomical variations, this cancer treatment modality is expected to benefit greatly from integration with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. One of the obstacles hindering such an integration are strong magnetic field induced dose distortions. These have been predicted in simulation studies, but no experimental validation has been performed so far. Here we show the first measurement of planar distributions of dose deposited by therapeutic proton pencil beams traversing a one-Tesla transversal magnetic field while depositing energy in a tissue-like phantom using film dosimetry. The lateral beam deflection ranges from one millimeter to one centimeter for 80 to 180 MeV beams. Simulated and measured deflection agree within one millimeter for all studied energies. These results proof that the magnetic field induced proton beam deflection is both measurable and accurately predictable. This demonstrates the feasibility of accurate dose measurement and hence validates dose predictions for the framework of MR-integrated proton therapy

All-Optical Depletion of Dark Excitons from a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

Semiconductor quantum dots are considered to be the leading venue for fabricating on-demand sources of single photons. However, the generation of long-lived dark excitons imposes significant limits on the efficiency of these sources. We demonstrate a technique that optically pumps the dark exciton population and converts it to a bright exciton population, using intermediate excited biexciton states. We show experimentally that our method considerably reduces the DE population while doubling the triggered bright exciton emission, approaching thereby near-unit fidelity of quantum dot depletion.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Construction and evaluation of classifiers for forensic document analysis

In this study we illustrate a statistical approach to questioned document examination. Specifically, we consider the construction of three classifiers that predict the writer of a sample document based on categorical data. To evaluate these classifiers, we use a data set with a large number of writers and a small number of writing samples per writer. Since the resulting classifiers were found to have near perfect accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation, we propose a novel Bayesian-based cross-validation method for evaluating the classifiers.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS379 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org