The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

In this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT's putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT's putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway

Prinos i kvalitet grožđa sorte Kaberne Sovinjon u agroekološkim uslovima Levačkog vinogorja

In the agro-ecological conditions Levač vineyards studied the yield and quality of grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon. Investigations were carried out in the vineyard production of individual manufacturers in the locality Lepojević. During the period ruled by favorable weather conditions for the expression of biological and technological characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon, which is of particular interest in viticulture and wine production, as one of a group of varieties for the production of high quality wines. The quality of the grapes, which is obtained in terms Levac vineyards suitable for the production of quality red wines. Grape yield varies from 7.4 kg ha-1 to 7.68 kg ha-1. The sugar content in grape juice average 22.05%, and total acid 7.54 gl-1.U agroekološkim uslovima levačkog vinogorja izučavan je prinos i kvalitet grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon. Istraživanja su obavljena u proizvodnom vinogradu individualnog proizvođača u lokalitetu Lepojević. U istraživanom periodu vladali su povoljni meteorološki uslovi za ispoljavanje bioloških i tehnoloških osobenosti sorte kaberne sovinjon koja je od posebnog interesa za vinogradarsku i vinarsku proizvodnju, kao jedna iz grupe sorti za proizvodnju vrhunskih vina. Kvalitet grožđa koji se dobija u uslovima levačkog vinogorja odgovarajući je za proizvodnju kvalitertni i vrhunskih crvenih vina. Prinos grožđa varira od 7.4 kgha-1 do 7.68 kgha-1. Sadržaj šećera u grožđanom soku prosečno iznosi 22.05 %, a u ukupnih kiselina 7.54 g/l-1

Agrobiološka svojstva sorte Frankovka u Kragujevačkom vinogorju

This paper presents the results of the study of some agrobiological properties Frankovka variety in terms of Kragujevac vineyard. Vinograd was built in 2008 and is in the phase of increasing fertility. Planting distance is 2.5 x 1.0 m.The study period was dominated by favorable weather conditions for the growth and development of the vine. The results indicate that in Kragujevac vineyards there are favorable environmental conditions for growing varieties of Frankovka and achieve the characteristic quality of grapes and wine.U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja nekih agrobioloških svojstava sorte Frankovka u uslovima kragujevačkog vinogorja.Vinograd je podignut 2008. godine i nalazi se u fazi rastuće rodnosti. Razmak sadnje je 2.5 x 1.0 m. U periodu ispitivanja bili su povoljni agrometeorološki uslovi za rastenje i razviće vinove loze. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju da u kragujevačkom vinogorju postoje povoljni agroekološki uslovi za gajenje sorte Frankovka kao i za postizanje karakterističnog kvaliteta grožđa i vina

Enlarged perivascular spaces in infancy and autism diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid volume, and later sleep problems

IMPORTANCE: Perivascular spaces (PVS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are essential components of the glymphatic system, regulating brain homeostasis and clearing neural waste throughout the lifespan. Enlarged PVS have been implicated in neurological disorders and sleep problems in adults, and excessive CSF volume has been reported in infants who develop autism. Enlarged PVS have not been sufficiently studied longitudinally in infancy or in relation to autism outcomes or CSF volume. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether enlarged PVS are more prevalent in infants who develop autism compared with controls and whether they are associated with trajectories of extra-axial CSF volume (EA-CSF) and sleep problems in later childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study used data from the Infant Brain Imaging Study. Magnetic resonance images were acquired at ages 6, 12, and 24 months (2007-2017), with sleep questionnaires performed between ages 7 and 12 years (starting in 2018). Data were collected at 4 sites in North Carolina, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Data were analyzed from March 2021 through August 2022. EXPOSURE: PVS (ie, fluid-filled channels that surround blood vessels in the brain) that are enlarged (ie, visible on magnetic resonance imaging). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes of interest were enlarged PVS and EA-CSF volume from 6 to 24 months, autism diagnosis at 24 months, sleep problems between ages 7 and 12 years. RESULTS: A total of 311 infants (197 [63.3%] male) were included: 47 infants at high familial likelihood for autism (ie, having an older sibling with autism) who were diagnosed with autism at age 24 months, 180 high likelihood infants not diagnosed with autism, and 84 low likelihood control infants not diagnosed with autism. Sleep measures at school-age were available for 109 participants. Of infants who developed autism, 21 (44.7%) had enlarged PVS at 24 months compared with 48 infants (26.7%) in the high likelihood but no autism diagnosis group (P = .02) and 22 infants in the control group (26.2%) (P = .03). Across all groups, enlarged PVS at 24 months was associated with greater EA-CSF volume from ages 6 to 24 months (β = 4.64; 95% CI, 0.58-8.72; P = .002) and more frequent night wakings at school-age (F = 7.76; η2 = 0.08; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that enlarged PVS emerged between ages 12 and 24 months in infants who developed autism. These results add to a growing body of evidence that, along with excessive CSF volume and sleep dysfunction, the glymphatic system could be dysregulated in infants who develop autism

Uticaj načina rezidbe na prinos i kvalitet grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon u levačkom vinogorju

The Levack vineyard were carried out in the period of 2012-2013. In tests of the impact of pruning on yield and quality of grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon. Applied breeding form and pruning methods have demonstrated a significant impact on the variation of the studied indicators. Load per vine fruitful buds positively influenced the movement of the number of developed shoots, number of developed clusters, the yield of grape per vine and per hectare, while preserving vegetative potential of vines and grape quality. As the most suitable proved to be a load of 10 buds per m2 or 26 buds per vine.Vršena su uporedna izučavanja uticaja načina rezidbe i stepena opterećenja čokota rodnim okcima na rastenje, rodnost i kvalitet grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon u levačkom vinogorju

Government to Business E-Services – Accountability and Trust

The authors divide their research in several phases. First, they conduct a literature review in order to identify relevant studies and theoretical papers covering the topic of governmental e-services. Then, they conduct an environmental scan in order to identify relevant governmental e-services in the EU countries. Further, the authors focus their research on eight European countries and conduct a deeper analysis of the implemented Government to Business (G2B) e-services. Research is centered on the eight G2B e-services. The identified e-services are firstly ranked according to their maturity level, and then analysed by using a developed questionnaire. The aim was to systematically collect enough information on the e-services in order to be able to conclude if the users may consider an e-service as responsible, reliable, accurate, secure, transparent and trustworthy as well as to conclude if an e-service addresses privacy issues, duties to remember, and the right to be forgotten. The comparative analysis of the identified G2B e-services in the eight European countries identifies weak spots of e-services and points them out in order for them to be improved. The identified gaps refer to the long-term service continuity plans, policies giving information on storage and preservation methods, long-term preservation of digitally signed records, use of clients’ data etc. One of the by-products of this research is a check list which can be used by the users of e-services as guidance for establishing trust in an e-service they (intend to) use but it also can be used as guidelines by e-service providers. The authors conclude that not only the comparative study provides an insight into the state of development of G2B e-services in the investigated countries but it also reveals the areas of possible improvements in the context of establishing accountability and trust in governmental e-services in general

AGROBIOLOŠKA SVOJSTVA SORTE SEMIJON U OPLENAČKOM VINOGORJU

The paper presents the results of the study of some agrobiological properties of the Semijon variety in the conditions of the Oplenac vineyards. The vineyard was built in 2014 and is in the phase of growing yield. The planting distance is 2.5 x1.0 m. During the examination period, favorable meteorological conditions prevailed for the growth and development of the Semion variety.The test results indicate that in the Oplenac vineyards there are favorable agroecological conditions for growing the Semijon variety and achieving the characteristic quality of grapes and wine.Publishe

Government to Business E-Services – Accountability and Trust

The authors divide their research in several phases. First, they conduct a literature review in order to identify relevant studies and theoretical papers covering the topic of governmental e-services. Then, they conduct an environmental scan in order to identify relevant governmental e-services in the EU countries. Further, the authors focus their research on eight European countries and conduct a deeper analysis of the implemented Government to Business (G2B) e-services. Research is centered on the eight G2B e-services. The identified e-services are firstly ranked according to their maturity level, and then analysed by using a developed questionnaire. The aim was to systematically collect enough information on the e-services in order to be able to conclude if the users may consider an e-service as responsible, reliable, accurate, secure, transparent and trustworthy as well as to conclude if an e-service addresses privacy issues, duties to remember, and the right to be forgotten. The comparative analysis of the identified G2B e-services in the eight European countries identifies weak spots of e-services and points them out in order for them to be improved. The identified gaps refer to the long-term service continuity plans, policies giving information on storage and preservation methods, long-term preservation of digitally signed records, use of clients’ data etc. One of the by-products of this research is a check list which can be used by the users of e-services as guidance for establishing trust in an e-service they (intend to) use but it also can be used as guidelines by e-service providers. The authors conclude that not only the comparative study provides an insight into the state of development of G2B e-services in the investigated countries but it also reveals the areas of possible improvements in the context of establishing accountability and trust in governmental e-services in general

YIELD AND QUALITY OF MÜLLER-THURGAU CLONE GM11 OF NIS GRAPE GROWING REGION

This paper presents the results of research variety Müller-Thurgau, clone 11 Gm, in order to determine quality indicators and the possibility of expansion in the vineyards of Southern Serbia. In terms of Nis grape growing region of the test are the most important agro technological and economic characteristics of the clone 11 Gm compared to the standard variety Müller-Thurgau. The test clone exhibited significant differences in yield and quality of grapes