EXPLICIT FEEDBACK IN COMPUTER ASSISTED READING COMPREHENSION VS. CLASSROOM FEEDBACK

This study investigated the effect of CALL and computer-mediated explicit feedback on reading comprehension of intermediate EFL learners. To this aim, two classes of general English were under study and learners’ reading comprehension was investigated. The two classes were randomly divided into experimental and control group. To homogenize the participants in reading comprehension a pre-test of FCE reading-oriented was administered. In one group CALL was employed and the learners did not attend the class at all and received explicit feedback on line. The other group received in-class feedback through the conventional methods of classroom interactions. After the treatment, the learners were administered with another FCE reading –oriented for the post-test. The collected data was analyzed through independent and paired sample t-tests. The results suggested that computer-mediated explicit feedback has remarkable effect on developing reading comprehension of intermediate EFL learners.  Article visualizations

Study of measuring Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) freshness using quality index method (QIM)

Fish freshness by using QIM and according to scoring to all of parts variable (positive and negative) was by sensory method and finally become the parameters of quantitative and qualitative with statistical analysis is based, tables used in volatility score of 0 to 23, with a score of 0 to 3 respectively, for their excellent quality, 3 to 7good, from 7 to 10 and from 10 to above average evaluation is unacceptable. In this study to measure the freshness of fish species Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), black and red in 4 treatments, whole fish and empty stomach is considered and the objective of this study was to calculate the survival rate of fish in ice cover practically immediately after harvest to measure qualitative factors (sensory evaluation, chemical and microbiological).For this study 50 pieces of red and 50 pieces black Tilapia after weighed, washed and then selection 25 pieces for each treatment in unlit, ratio of 3 to 1 (ice - fish) was covered .The mean (± SD) change in temperature the fish flesh during study were between 0.2 ±0.07 a to 0.3 ±0.1a degrees Celsius, that need to raise the quality temperature is maintained at 0 degrees Celsius in unlit center. Fish covered with ice keep at ambient temperature, and after measuring the change free nitrogen, pH and microbial tests, the results showed maximum shelf life of whole fish in ice cover 9 and for empty stomach fish was7 days .And also statistical analysis (Duncan test) of data between treatments (Whole and empty fish covered in ice ) was significant (P<0.05)

Purification strategy development for the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) based HIV vaccine

Malgré le nombre croissant d'individus infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chaque année, il n'existe toujours pas de vaccin efficace qui prévienne son infection chez l'homme. Seulement en 2020, on peut encore compter 37,6 millions d'infection et 690 000 décès liés au SIDA. Le développement d'un vaccin contre le SIDA, sûr et efficace, serait donc un moyen très pertinent pour combattre les ravages de cette maladie. Le virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse (VSV), membre de la famille des Rhabdoviridae, infecte principalement les bovins, mais est relativement bénin pour l'humain, n'étant associé qu'à de légers symptômes pseudo-grippaux. Par ailleurs, le VSV recombinant a déjà été utilisé pour le développement de vaccins humains contre divers virus, notamment Ebola, Marbourg, Lassa, la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo (CCHFV), Nipah, les coronavirus MERS et SRAS, Zika, Influenza et VIH. Dans ce travail, effectué dans le cadre plus large du développement de nouveaux candidats vaccins contre le VIH, basé sur les VSV recombinants (rVSV), nous proposons différents schémas de purification pour le traitement de ces candidats. Une série de filtres avec des tailles de pores et des supports de filtration différents ont été testés pour leur efficacité à éliminer les débris cellulaires du surnageant de culture cellulaire tout en permettant aux particules infectieuses de traverser le filtre. Cette microfiltration en série a également été appliquée pour éliminer le besoin de centrifugation à basse vitesse à l'étape de la clarification et améliorer les rendements, la simplicité et l'extrapolabilité des schémas proposés. Afin de réduire le volume de l'échantillon à traiter, l'application de différentes unités d'ultrafiltration (UF), soit des unités d'UF centrifuge ou à flux tangentiel (TFUF), ont été testées. Pour ce faire, les paramètres de fonctionnement de la TFUF ont été maintenus à des valeurs ne générant que de faible taux de cisaillement (≤ 2000 s⁻¹) pour préserver l'intégrité du rVSV. Pour l'étape de la purification chromatographique proprement dite, plusieurs technologies candidates ont été testées pour leur capacité à séparer les particules infectieuses de l'ADN et des protéines contaminants. Des résines échangeuses d'anions fortes et faibles, à savoir HiTrap™ DEAE FF, HiTrap™ ANX FF, HiTrap™ Q FF et HiTrap™ XL (Cytiva), ont été testées en colonne. Dans les meilleures conditions, ces colonnes ont permis de récupérer 77 % des particules infectieuses tout en éliminant respectivement 93 % et 92,7 % des protéines totales et de l'ADN. Par la suite, un schéma de purification chromatographique en deux étapes utilisant initialement un adsorbeur échangeur d'ion membranaire (Sartobind® Q, Sartorius), suivi d'une résine multimodale (Captocore™ 700, Cytiva) a également été testé car les adsorbeurs membranaires sont plus pratiques pour les procédés à grande échelle. La purification des rVSV à l'aide de ce protocole a permis de récupérer 51 % de particules infectieuses et a éliminé 95 % et 85 % de l'ADN et des protéines contaminants, respectivement. Cependant, étant donné que les micrographies électroniques de ces préparations virales purifiées présentaient encore une quantité notable de vésicules extracellulaires ou d'exosomes, deux résines à base de céramique d'hydroxyapatite (CHT) ont aussi été testées pour leur capacité à séparer les rVSV de ces contaminants. La colonne CHT II (BioRad) a montré des résultats prometteurs en terme d'élimination des vésicules extracellulaires, comme vérifié par microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM). De plus, une récupération de 78 % de rVSV infectieux ainsi que l'élimination de 98 % de l'ADN résiduel et de 99 % des protéines ont été mesurées dans les éluats de cette colonne.Despite the growing number of Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals every year, there is still no effective vaccine that prevents new HIV infection in humans. As of 2020, a total of 37.6 million individuals were found globally to be infected with HIV. With 690,000 AIDS-related death reports in 2020, developing a safe and effective HIV vaccine is of utmost importance. Vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV), a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, mainly infects cattle, but its infection in human is mainly benign and can only be associated with mild flu-like symptoms. In addition, the VSV platform has already been used to develop vaccines against a variety of virus infections, including Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV), Nipah, MERS- and SARS- coronaviruses, Zika, Influenza, and HIV. In the current work, carried out within the broader framework of developing new vaccine candidates against HIV based on recombinant VSVs (rVSVs), we propose different purification schemes for the DSP of the candidate vaccine. A series of filters with different pore sizes and filtration media were tested for their effectiveness in removing cellular debris from the cell culture supernatant while allowing the infectious particles to pass through the filter. Serial microfiltration was also applied to eliminate the need for low-speed centrifugation at the clarification step and improve the proposed schemes' yield, simplicity, and scalability. In order to reduce the volume of the sample to be processed, the application of different ultrafiltration (UF) units, either centrifugal based UF units or tangential flow UF (TFUF) systems, were tested. The TFF operation parameters were maintained at values generating low shear (≤2000 s⁻¹ shear rate) for preserving the integrity of the rVSV as an enveloped virus. For the actual chromatographic purification step, multiple candidate technologies were tested for their ability to separate infectious particles and to remove the contaminant DNA and proteins. Strong and weak anion exchanger resins, namely, HiTrap™ DEAE FF, HiTrap™ ANX FF, HiTrap™ Q FF, and HiTrap™ XL (Cytiva), were put into test in the column mode. In best condition, these columns resulted in the recovery of 77 % infectious particles while eliminating 86.6 % and 92.7 % of the total proteins and DNA, respectively. Subsequently, a two-step chromatographic purification scheme initially used a membrane adsorber (Sartobind® Q, Sartorius), followed by a multimodal resin (Captocore™ 700, Cytiva) was tested since membrane adsorbers are more applicable for large-scale processes. Purification of rVSVs using this protocol resulted in the recovery of 51 % infectious particles but removed 95 % of the contaminant DNA contents and 85 % of total proteins. However, since the electron micrographs of these purified virus preparations still showed a noticeable amount of extracellular vesicles or exosomes (visually through TEM), two resins based on ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT) were screened for their ability in separating the rVSVs from these contaminants. The CHT II (BioRad) column showed promising results in removing extracellular vesicles from the virus preparations as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, a recovery of 69.2 % infective rVSVs alongside the removal of 88 % residual DNA and 87 % of protein contents was measured in this column's eluates

Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter: testing the viability of weak gravity conjecture and weak cosmic censorship conjecture simultaneously

A possible violation of the weak gravity conjecture (WGC) by cosmic censorship is one of the major challenges in the field of general relativity. However, in this paper, we explore the possibility of reconciling the WGC and the WCCC by considering Reissner-Nordstr\"om (R-N) black holes embedded in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) in asymptotically flat spacetimes. These two conjectures are seemingly unrelated, but a recent proposal suggested that they are connected surprisingly. In particular, We argue a promising class of valid counterexamples to the WCCC in the four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory, considering a charged black hole when WGC is present. We demonstrate that by imposing certain constraints on the parameters of the metric, the WGC and the WCCC can be compatible. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of the charged black hole in the presence of PFDM for $Q > M$ and present some intriguing figures to test the validity of the WGC and the WCCC simultaneously. When PFDM is absent ($\gamma=0$), the RN black hole either has two event horizons if $Q^2/M^2\leq 1$ or none if $Q^2/M^2> 1$. The second scenario results in a naked singularity, which contradicts the WCCC. But when PFDM is present ($\gamma\neq 0$), the RN black hole has event horizons with regard to Q and M. This implies that the singularity is always covered, and the WGC and the WCCC are fulfilled. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there is a critical value of $\gamma$, called $\gamma_{ext}$, that makes the RN black hole extremal when $\gamma=\gamma_{ext}$. In this situation, the black hole has an event horizon, and the WGC and the WCCC are still fulfilled. We infer that PFDM can make the WGC and the WCCC compatible with the RN black hole and that the WGC and the WCCC agree with each other when PFDM is present.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF INDIAN SALMON (ELEUTHERONEMA TETRADACTYLUM) PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES

Objective: The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Indian salmon (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) protein hydrolysates by pepsin and trypsin enzyme using In vitro gastrointestinal digestion procedure.Methods: Indian salmon protein hydrolysates (ISPH) were fractionated to obtain fraction I (FI), fraction II (FII) and fraction III (FIII) of peptides with different molecular weights (MW). Further, the antioxidant activity of ISPHs was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. Moreover, In vitro antiproliferative activity of ISPHs was assessed against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. The amino acid contents of the bioactive peptides were also determined to find the correlation between the activity of peptides and their amino acid contents.Results: All bioactive peptides showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. The highest antioxidant activity was measured in FII which was able to quench higher levels of free radicals. In the measurement of the antiproliferative capacity of peptides, they revealed nearly similar activities at low concentration. However, the cytotoxicity of peptides was significantly increased at the high dose in which only 43.9±1.8% to 65.7±1.6% cell proliferation occurred. The results showed an absence of correlation between MW and activity of peptides since the most potent bioactive peptides in our study had MWs of 1 to 3 kDa. However, hydrophobicity and presence of special amino acids like arginine and histidine is affected the activity of peptides.Conclusion: Consequently, Indian salmon protein hydrolysates were identified as good sources of antioxidant and antiproliferative peptides which could confer both nutritional and functional properties in the food industry.Keywords: Indian salmon, Protein hydrolysates, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Amino aci

Tsallis holographic dark energy under Complex form of Quintessence model

In this paper, we use a Tsallis holographic dark energy model in two forms, interacting and non-interacting cases, to acquire some parameters as the equation of state for the energy density of the Tsallis model in the FRW universe concerning the complex form of quintessence model. We will study the cosmology of complex quintessence by revamping the potential and investigating the scalar field dynamics. Then we analyze ($\omega-\omega'$) and stability in two cases, i.e., non-interacting and interacting. We will explore whether these cases describe a real universe by calculating fractional energy density $\Omega_{D}$ and concerning two parts of the quintessence field effect ( complex and real part ) by considering the real part of this field to be a slow-roll field. We know that the part in which the fractional energy density ($\Omega_{D} > 1$) does not describe a real universe. Also, we specified an interacting coupling parameter $b^{2}$ that depends on the constant parameter of the Tsallis holographic model ($\delta$) with respect to fractional energy density ($0.73$). Unlike independence between the fractional energy density and interacting coupling in the real quintessence model, we determine a relationship among these parameters in this theory. Finally, by plotting some figures, we specify the features of ($\omega-\omega'$) and ($\nu_{s}^{2}$) in two cases and compare the result with each other.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Communications in Theoretical Physic

Surface and Bulk Modification of Synthetic Textiles to Improve Dyeability

Synthetic fibers, mainly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP), are the most widely used polymers in the textile industry. These fibers surpass the production of natural fibers with a market share of 54.4%. The advantages of these fibers are their high modulus and strength, stiffness, stretch or elasticity, wrinkle and abrasion resistances, relatively low cost, convenient processing, tailorable performance and easy recycling. The downside to synthetic fibers use are reduced wearing comfort, build-up of electrostatic charge, the tendency to pill, difficulties in finishing, poor soil release properties and low dyeability. These disadvantages are largely associated with their hydrophobic nature. To render their surfaces hydrophilic, various physical, chemical and bulk modification methods are employed to mimic the advantageous properties of their natural counterparts. This review is focused on the application of recent methods for the modification of synthetic textiles using physical methods (corona discharge, plasma, laser, electron beam and neutron irradiations), chemical methods (ozone-gas treatment, supercritical carbon dioxide technique, vapor deposition, surface grafting, enzymatic modification, sol-gel technique, layer-by-layer deposition of nano-materials, micro-encapsulation method and treatment with different reagents) and bulk modification methods by blending polymers with different compounds in extrusion to absorb different colorants. Nowadays, the bulk and surface functionalization of synthetic fibers for various applications is considered as one of the best methods for modern textile finishing processes (Tomasino, 1992). This last stage of textile processing has employed new routes to demonstrate the great potential of nano-science and technology for this industry (Lewin, 2007). Combination of physical technologies and nano-science enhances the durability of textile materials against washing, ultraviolet radiation, friction, abrasion, tension and fading (Kirk&ndash;Othmer, 1998). European methods for application of new functional finishing materials must meet high ethical demands for environmental-friendly processing (Fourne, 1999). For this purpose the process of textile finishing is optimized by different researchers in new findings (Elices &amp; Llorca, 2002). Application of inorganic and organic nano-particles have enhanced synthetic fibers attributes, such as softness, durability, breathability, water repellency, fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties (Franz, 2003; McIntyre, 2005; Xanthos, 2005). This review article gives an application overview of various physical and chemical methods of inorganic and organic structured material as potential modifying agents of textiles with emphasis on dyeability enhancements. The composition of synthetic fibers includes polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Synthetic fibers already hold a 54% market share in the fiber market. Of this market share, PET alone accounts for almost 50% of all fiber materials in 2008 (Gubitz &amp; Cavaco-Paulo, 2008). Polypropylene, a major component for the nonwovens market accounts for 10% of the market share of both natural and synthetic fibers worldwide (INDA, 2008 and Aizenshtein, 2008). It is apparent that synthetic polymers have unique properties, such as high uniformity, mechanical strength and resistance to chemicals or abrasion. However, high hydrophobicity, the build-up of static charges, poor breathability, and resistant to finishing are undesirable properties of synthetic materials (Gubitz &amp; Cavaco-Paulo, 2008). Synthetic textile fibers typically undergo a variety of pre-treatments before dyeing and printing is feasible. Compared to their cotton counterparts, fabrics made from synthetic fibers undergo mild scouring before dyeing. Nonetheless, these treatments still create undesirable process conditions w

Further Refining Swampland dS Conjecture in Mimetic f(G) Gravity

Mimetic gravity analysis has been studied as a theory in various types of general relativity extensions, such as mimetic f(R) gravity, mimetic f(R, T) gravity, mimetic f(R, G) gravity, etc., in the literature. This paper presents a set of equations arising from mimetic conditions and studies cosmic inflation with a combination of mimetic f(G) gravity and swampland dS conjectures. We analyze and evaluate these results. Therefore, we first thoroughly introduce the mimetic f(G) gravity and calculate some cosmological parameters such as the scalar spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and the slow-roll parameters. Also, we investigate the potential according to the mimetic f(G) gravity. Then we will challenge the swampland dS conjectures with this condition. By expressing the coefficient of swampland dS conjectures viz $C_{1}$ and $C_2$ in terms of $n_{s}$ and $r$, we plot some figures and determine the allowable range for each of these cosmological parameters and these coefficients, and finally, compare these results with observable data such as Planck and BICEP2/Keck array data. We show $C_{1}$ and $C_2$ are not $\mathcal{O}(1)$, so the refining swampland dS conjecture is not satisfied for this inflationary model. Then we examine it with further refining swampland dS conjecture, which has a series of free parameters such as $a,b>0$, $q>2$, and $a+b=1$. By adjusting these parameters, the compatibility of the mentioned conjecture with the inflationary model can be discussed. We determine the further refining swampland dS conjecture is satisfied. when $a < \frac{1}{1.00489}=0.99513$, we can always find $a$, $b$ and $q$ whose value is larger than 2, viz for $q=2.4$, we find $0.99185\leq a < 1$, which we can choose $a=0.99235$ according to the condition $a < 0.99513$. Also we know $b=1-a$, so we will have $1-0.99235=0.00765 > 0$.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof Farhad Darabi

Effect of tannic acid on properties of electrospun gelatin nanofibres

Gelatin/tannic acid nanofibres have been prepared and the effects of production parameters, including high voltage, feeding rate and distance between tip of the needle and collector on the morphology of nanofibres are investigated. The results show that the average nanofibre diameter increases with raising the high voltage values, due to less branching of liquid jet. Increasing the feeding rate leads to an increase in the nanofibre diameter, up to a certain value (0.6-0.8 mL/h). Further increase in the feeding rate value causes the formation of a ribbon-like structure. The increment in the content of tannic acid as a crosslinker increases the viscosity of the spinning solution and the average nanofibre diameters. Also, the tensile strength of crosslinked nanofibres increases as compared to that of the gelatin nanofibres. Moreover, the addition of tannic acid to gelatin nanofibres significantly enhances the antibacterial property of nanofibres

Weak Gravity Conjecture, Black Branes and Violations of Universal Thermodynamic Relation

The universal thermodynamic relations between corrections to entropy and extremality for various black holes solutions have been studied. In this regard, we hereby consider a number of different black brane solutions in different structures for perturbative corrections to general relativity. These are, namely, black brane solution in Rastall AdS massive gravity, Einstein-Yang-Mills AdS black brane solution in massive gravity and general anisotropic black brane in Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We calculate both the entropy and extremality bound by introducing a small constant correction to the action. Remarkably, we find that black brane violates the universal thermodynamic relations. In other words, a universal relation between corrections to entropy and extremality are not valid in the black brane structure.Comment: 14 pages; 2 captioned figure