T-cell receptor phenotype pattern in atopic children using commercial fluorescently labeled antibodies against 21 human class-specific v segments for the tcrβ chain (vβ) of peripheral blood: a cross sectional study

BACKGROUND: T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire development is an integral part of the adaptive immune response. T-cell activation requires recognition of appropriately processed antigens by the TCR. Development of a diverse repertoire of TCRs is therefore essential to ensure adequate protection from potential threats. The majority of T-cells in peripheral blood have TCRs composed of an alpha and a beta chain. At the DNA level, the TCR genes are formed through directed recombination from germline sequences—the so-called VDJ recombination [variable (V) joining (J) diversity (D) gene segments] which results in variations in the repertoire. The most variable part of TCRs is the Vβ region (VβTCR), which has multiple V segment families that can be quantitatively measured. However, only sparse data exists on the normal levels of the VβTCR repertoire in healthy children. We aimed to establish normal values for the VβTCR repertoire in atopic children without immunodeficiency. METHODS: Fifty-three children were recruited from food allergy, drug allergy, chronic urticaria and anaphylaxis registries and were divided into groups based on age: >0–2 years, 3–6 years, and 6–18 years. We used commercially available and fluorescently labeled antibodies against 21 human class-specific V segments of the TCRβ chain (Vβ) to study in peripheral blood the quantitative pattern of Vβ variation by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Children of all ages exhibited a similar pattern of TCR Vβ expression. Vβ 2 was the most commonly expressed family in all three age groups [9.5 % (95 % CI, 8.9, 10 %), 8.8 % (95 % CI, 7.4, 10.2 %) and 7.6 % (7.0, 8.3 %) respectively]. However, the percentage of Vβ 2 decreased in older children and the percentage of Vβ 1 was higher in males. TCR Vβ expression in our sample of atopic children did not differ substantially from previously published levels in non-atopic cohorts. CONCLUSION: TCR Vβ diversity follows a predictable and comparable pattern in atopic and healthy non-atopic children. Establishing normal levels for healthy children with and without atopy will contribute to a better definition of Vβ receptor deviation in children with primary immunodeficiency and/or immunodysregulation conditions

Karhunen-Lo\`eve expansion for a generalization of Wiener bridge

We derive a Karhunen-Lo\`eve expansion of the Gauss process $B_t - g(t)\int_0^1 g'(u)\,d B_u$, $t\in[0,1]$, where $(B_t)_{t\in[0,1]}$ is a standard Wiener process and $g:[0,1]\to R$ is a twice continuously differentiable function with $g(0) = 0$ and $\int_0^1 (g'(u))^2\,d u =1$. This process is an important limit process in the theory of goodness-of-fit tests. We formulate two special cases with the function $g(t)=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\pi}\sin(\pi t)$, $t\in[0,1]$, and $g(t)=t$, $t\in[0,1]$, respectively. The latter one corresponds to the Wiener bridge over $[0,1]$ from $0$ to $0$.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure. The appendix is extende

The Role of Jordanian Universities in Promoting Citizenship Values among Students

The researcher of this study aimed to explore the role of Jordanian universities in promoting citizenship values among students. She aimed to explore the degree to which Jordanian universities promote citizenship values among students. To be more specific, she aimed to explore the degree to which (the faculty members, student activities and curricula) in Jordanian universities promote citizenship values among students. She adopted a descriptive analytical approach. She developed a questionnaire. She selected a random stratified sample. She selected the sample from the faculty of educational sciences at 4 universities in Jordan (i.e. the University of Jordan, the Hashemite University, Yarmouk University and Mu’tah University). The sample consists from 950 female and male BA students through electronic means. Questionnaire forms were passed to the members of the sample. 923 forms were retrieved. The response rate is 97.15%.  Due to having missing data, 4 forms were excluded. Thus, the final sample consists from 919 students. The researcher found that the degree to which Jordanian universities promote citizenship values among students is high in all the areas jointly and separately. She recommends providing faculty members in Jordanian universities with training courses about the significance of promoting citizenship values among students. Keywords: Jordanian universities, citizenship values, students, Jordan DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-33-08 Publication date: November 30th 2020

PERFORMANCE DES ETABLISSEMENTS ET ENTREPRISES PUBLICS AU MAROC – PRECISIONS CONCEPTUELLES-

Le présent article tente d’apporter une contribution à l'analyse conceptuelle des principaux concepts relatifs à la performance des Etablissements et Entreprises publics (EEP). Ainsi, il expose les principales acceptions du concept d'entreprise publique selon les principales institutions internationales, ainsi que la conception du droit marocain de ce concept. Il approche la notion de performance, à travers ses différentes facettes, dans les EEP par rapport à l'acception qui prévaut dans les entreprises privées, ainsi que la démarche de performance comme mode de gouvernance

L’investissement public : Une revue de littérature

Le présent article dresse un bilan synthétique des débats théoriques et des études empiriques relatives à l’investissement public. La revue de littérature théorique a mis l’accent sur le débat théorique autour du rôle de l’Etat et avance les théories et les hypothèses relatives à l’investissement public. La littérature empirique expose plusieurs études traitant l’impact de l’investissement public sur la croissance économique, sur la productivité ou sur l’investissement privé, et qui ont abouti à des résultats divergents. Enfin l’article clôt avec des études empiriques sur le financement de l’investissement public et son influence par la corruption

Efektifi tas Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana) terhadap Jumlah Sel NK dan Kadar Ifn-γ pada Penderita HIV di RSUD Cirebon

Mangosteen peel contains xanthone as antioxidant, useful as prooxidant balancer. The activity of xathone can be found from the number of NK cells that will increase the production of IFN-γ cytokine. The human experimental research has been done by Randomized Control Group Pretest-Post Test Design, 20 patients sample for each group. Mann Whitney test was used to determine the diff erences between the group 1 & group 2. The Spearman’s Rho Test was used to determine the correlation between the NK cells number and IFN-γ level. There are no signifi cant diff erences between NK cell number (p:0.911) and IFN-γ level (p:0.588) in the pre and post test examination after have been given mangosteen peel extract. There are no signifi cant correlations between NK cell number and IFN-γ level in each group (p: 0.074). There are no eff ects of giving mangosteen peel extract on the number of NK cell and IFN-γ level to HIV patients.Kulit manggis mengandung xanthone sebagai antioksidan yang, dibutuhkan tubuh sebagai penyeimbang prooxidant (reduxing radicals, oxidizing radicals, carbondentered, sinar UV dan metal) yang ada di lingkungan manusia. Aktivitasnya dapat dilihat dari jumlah Sel NK. Pengaruh jumlah Sel NK akan memacu peningkatan sitokin IFN-γ. Penelitian eksperimental pada manusia, dengan Randomized Control Group Pretest-Post Test Design, sampel sebanyak 20 pada masing-masing kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan Mann Whitney U Test untuk menentukan perbedaan antara kelompok perlakuan dan placebo, serta Spearman’s Rho Test untuk menguji korelasi antara jumlah sel NK dan kadar INF-γ. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah sel NK (p:0,911) dan kadar IFN-γ (p:0,588) dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara sel NK dan kadar IFN- γ (p: 0,074) pada penderita HIV pada pemeriksaan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana). Pemberian ekstrak kulit manggis tidak efektif terhadap jumlah sel NK dan kadar IFN-γ pada penderita HIV dengan terapi antiretroviral