Assessment of indoor air quality for closed cafés in Baghdad City, Iraq

The phenomenon of young people frequenting closed cafes spread in Baghdad to smoke hookahs and cigarettes has increased. This phenomenon is associated with unemployment, an increase in leisure time and the deterioration of economic conditions. This phenomenon has an impact on indoor air quality and exposes workers to the risk of exposure to various pollutants, including particulate matter, therefore, we examined some indicators (PM2.5, PM10) IAQ for a month in summer and another month in winter in six different locations in the Rusafa district. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, relative humidity (RH) and temperatures were measured using (Multifunction Air Quality Detector BENETECH -China). The results showed an increase in temperatures inside closed cafes, exceeding the recommended limits, and regardless of the seasonal fluctuations, the average concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10 inside closed cafes for the months of August and December exceeded the daily and annually PM standards recommended by World Health Organization for both PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were higher in summer than in winter were the most of young people enjoy a long holiday.  The peak of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations also occurred during evening rush hour, more than the highest readings in the morning periods

Evaluation of Garlic efficiency on precipitated lead chloride in hepatocytes of mice

AbstractLike other soluble lead compounds, exposure to lead chloride may cause lead poisoning, In the current study, we seek to determine the effect of lead chloride on body and liver weight, as well as histological changes of the liver, in addition to the possibility of reducing the toxic effects of lead chloride by using natural products like garlic. Twenty-five healthy mice were divided into five groups: the first group was kept as an unmedicated control, while the second and third groups were given Lead chloride at a dose of 8.3 and 4.2 mg/kg, respectively; the four groups were given only garlic at a dose of 200 mg/kg; and the five groups were given lead chloride (8.3mg/kg) plus garlic in the same previous dose. This study's results show no significant difference in liver and body weight between groups except in the group that received a high dose of lead chloride. And for the histological changes in the liver, this study showed focal granulomatous, congestion, necrosis space, hepatocyte degeneration, and inflammatory cells were also observed, especially in groups that received high doses of Pbcl2. The present study proved that heavy metals containing lead have toxicological effects on the liver, so this effect can be decreased by natural products like garlic, which has a large activity in removing toxins like this

The Measurement of Activity of the Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase in Membranous Vesicles Isolated from Smooth Muscle of Ileum in Rats Treated with Ultraviolet Radiation

The Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase are high attraction calcium pump, that contributes in maintaining plasma membrane of cytoplasm Ca2+, Mg2+ homeostasis by source to the outside of cell. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the ultraviolet radiation on the activity of the Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase in the membranous vesicles of ileum in rats. Thirty adult Sprague–Dawley rats (age, 3-4 months, weight range, 180 – 200 g) were used in this experiment, which divided in to 5 groups (n = 6 / group). The membrane vesicles isolated from smooth muscles of rats showed high activity Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase. All isolated membranous vesicles are irradiated with Ultraviolet radiation of 250 nanometers except control group. The irradiation period for each group was (5, 10, 30 and 45) minutes, respectively. The activity of Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase was decreased with increased time of irradiation. In conclusion, the increased time of irradiation inhibited Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase activity isolated from ileum smooth muscles of rats. The recommendations are to expose other organs like liver and kidney to UV radiation to explain its effect or using other range of UV radiation to reflect its effect

Detection Some Trace Elements in Human Milk and Effect of Some Factors on its Concentrations

Study aim to determination some trace elements in lactating mothers human milk and study effect different factors on its concentration, Age , Body mass index, Home and Smoking habitat, atomic absorption flame less used to measured (Mn, Cd, Co and Zn) in 70 sample of lactating mothers milk which digested using tricolor acetic acid 24%. Result show that concentration of these elements increasing than normal value of these elements,Mn was 1801.40, Cd was 114.64, Co was 288.52 and Zn was 212.10.Also factors were studied effect on minerals concentration,  increasing age was  non effected on minerals concentration, over weight causes increasing it, urban resident causesincreasing in Mn concentration while rural residence causes increasing in others minerals, negative smoking habitat causes increasing in Cd and Co concentrations. Key words: trace element, lactating mother’s human milk, atomic absorptio

The effect of Cyclophosphamide on spermatogenesis in rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cyclophosphamide on spermatogenesis; we used three doses with variable time interval to determine the effect of the low and high doses of cyclophosphamide. The results showed that low doses for long time interval caused a considerable increase in the percentage of sperm head abnormalities (Tertatospermia), without any significant changes in tissue sections, the percentage of sperm head abnormalities was increased to 20.72% with the dose 5mg/Kg, while high doses caused a significant tissue changes in testes, and epididymis as well as head sperm abnormalities but less than the 5mg/Kg dose. The percentage of head sperm abnormalities were 14.75 and 13.19 for the doses 15mg/Kg and 10mg/Kg respectively

Histological Changes in the Lung Tissues of male albino mice Exposed to Mospilan 20SG insecticide

Oral administration of (20 mg/ml), of Acetamidine the active ingradiant of  mospilan 20SG , the neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against both soil and plant insects (LD50=200mg\kg), for 30 days in male albino mice aged (6-7weeks), resulted Histopathologically significant alterations in the lungs included marked. Haemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration and thickening in connective tissue stroma. The oral toxicity study of Acetamidine revealed that this neonicotinoid insecticide is of highly risk in albino mice.</jats:p