Does low-dose aspirin reduce preeclampsia and other maternal-fetal complications?

The use of low-dose aspirin during pregnancy decreases the risk of preeclampsia for women considered at increased risk. The effect is smaller for women without risk factors (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and systematic reviews [SRs] of RCTs)

Looking beyond the powder/dense flow avalanche dichotomy

Köhler et al. (2018) deploy a high spatial and temporal resolution GEODAR radar system to reveal the inside of snow avalanches over the entire slope. They detect a rich variety of longitudinal and slope normal flow structures across a data set of 77 avalanches recorded over 6 years. Distinctive features in the radar signatures permit the definition of seven flow regimes and three distinct stopping signatures, illustrating behaviours much richer than the conventional dichotomy between dense flow avalanches and powder snow avalanches. This presents modellers with the challenge of exploring the physics of these regimes, the transitions between them and their relationship with the surrounding conditions

How does electronic fetal heart rate monitoring affect labor and delivery outcomes?

Continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) reduces the risk of neonatal seizure by 50% compared with intermittent auscultation (IA) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). EFM increases the incidence of cesarean section by 66% and the incidence of operative vaginal delivery by 16% (SOR: A, systematic review of RCTs). It has no effect on the rates of cerebral palsy or neonatal mortality (SOR: A, systematic review of RCTs). An estimate from a Cochrane meta-analysis suggests that a cohort of 628 women receiving EFM could expect to experience 1 less neonatal seizure and 11 more cesarean sections compared with IA controls

Alienação parental: as falsas acusações e o efeito alienador na atuação do Poder Judiciário

On the present paper it’s faced the question of Parental Alienation by a bibliographic review, elaborated from a multidisciplinary perspective, essential to the comprehension of the subject, added by a documental research of four concrete cases. After the first introduction chapter, it’s performed a brief analysis of the family. Starting by a historical perspective, it’s punctuated questions about the national legislation in regard the family, as well as the State’s intervention on the family plan. Finally, it’s elaborated an overview of family relationships conflicts and the family psychodynamics conflicts, approaching, more specifically, the unconscious contract on the couple relationship and the conflict’s influence on the well-being of the sons. On the third chapter, entering on the discussion about the Parental Alienation, it’s faced the problematics of the Parental Alienation Syndrome. Information’s about international’s diplomas and national legislation’s dispositions of children’s and adolescent’s protection are also exposed. After, we bring legal aspects of the Parental Alienation, especially the law nº 12. 318/10 and the difficulties resulting from false accusations. On the fourth chapter, are described four judgements by Rio Grande do Sul’s Court of Justice in witch its noticed the existence of a criminal proceeding against one of the parents, which was established due to an accusation resulting from an context of family disaggregation, permeated by Parental Alienation acts. It’s studied the State’s intervention as a fact that, in some cases, especially when it’s determined the separation of parent and son, increases the Parental Alienation. In the last chapter, some considerations about the search of a reflection about what was faced in the paper are made, in order to, by the bibliographic review and by the analysis of the studied cases, conclude that the State can be an instrument of increasing Parental Alienation.Na presente dissertação é abordada a questão da alienação parental mediante uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada a partir de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, essencial para a compreensão do tema, aliada a uma pesquisa documental concernente a quatro casos concretos. Após o primeiro capítulo introdutório, é realizada uma breve análise acerca da família. Iniciando por uma perspectiva histórica, são pontuadas questões concernentes à legislação pátria no que diz respeito à família, bem como à intervenção estatal no âmbito familiar. Por fim, é construído um panorama dos conflitos na relação familiar e da psicodinâmica dos conflitos familiares, tratando, mais especificamente, do contrato inconsciente nas relações de casais e da influência dos conflitos no bem-estar dos filhos. No terceiro capítulo, adentrando na discussão a propósito da alienação parental, é tratada a problemática da instauração da Síndrome de Alienação Parental e são apresentadas informações relativas a diplomas internacionais e a dispositivos da legislação nacional de proteção à criança e ao adolescente. Posteriormente, são trazidos aspectos jurídicos da alienação parental, com ênfase na Lei nº 12. 318/10 e nas dificuldades oriundas das falsas acusações. No quarto capítulo são descritos quatro julgados do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul, nos quais se percebe a existência de um processo penal em desfavor de um dos progenitores, instaurado em face de acusação oriunda de um contexto de desagregação familiar, permeado por atos de alienação parental. É estudada, ainda, a intervenção do Estado como um fator que, em alguns casos, em especial quando determina o afastamento do genitor da prole, potencializa a alienação parental. Por fim, são tecidas algumas considerações na busca de uma reflexão tangente ao que foi abordado, de forma que, pela revisão bibliográfica e pela análise dos casos estudados, conclui-se que o Estado pode acabar sendo um instrumento potencializador da alienação parental

MINT-Berufe schmackhaft machen - aber wie? : Wie Praxiserfahrungen von Mädchen im MINT-Bereich ihre Interessen, Selbstwirksamkeit und beruflichen Ziele beeinflussen

Der Arbeitsmarkt wird sich in den kommenden Jahren grundlegend verändern. Im Zuge der weiteren Digitalisierung gewinnen Berufe im MINT-Bereich an Bedeutung. In diesem Bereich sind Frauen nach wie vor untervertreten. Um zukünftige Herausforderungen der hoch technisierten Arbeitswelt meistern zu können, ist die Schweiz auch auf gut ausgebildete weibliche Fachkräfte angewiesen. Wie aber können MINT-Berufe den jungen Frauen schmackhaft gemacht werden? In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Fokus auf die „MINT-Partnerschaft“ zwischen der Oberstufe Weiden und der Geberit Produktions AG gelegt – Teil eines grösseren MINT-Projekts der Pädagogischen Hochschule St. Gallen, welches auf die Zusammenarbeit von Oberstufenschulen und Industriebetrieben setzt und so allen Schülerinnen und Schülern der beteiligten Klassen MINT-Praxiserfahrungen ermöglicht

Measurement and assessment of water dynamics of forest sites within the framework of forest site mapping: current conditions and future requirements

Measuring and assessing water dynamics is crucial for site-adapted and sustainable management as well as for the multifunctionality of forests. This paper outlines the importance of a differentiated analysis of water conditions within the framework of applied forest site mapping in Germany. The differences and similarities that have evolved over time in the methodological approaches taken by the individual federal states are also presented. The limitations of current practices for the assessment of water dynamics are discussed in the context of future requirements related both to modifications in forest management and to the already-perceptible effects of climate change. Manifold challenges will result, related in particular to model-based enhanced quantification of the water regime and the integration of dynamic properties of climate, soils, and stands, as well as the regionalization and upscaling to the catchment level.Die Erfassung und Bewertung des Wasserhaushalts ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die standortsgerechte und nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung sowie Multifunktionalität von Wäldern. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die Bedeutung einer differenzierten Wasserhaushaltsansprache in der Praxis der forstlichen Standortskartierung Deutschlands dargestellt sowie historisch gewachsene Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in den Verfahren der einzelnen Bundesländer erörtert. Im Zusammenhang mit den künftigen Anforderungen, die sich aus einer veränderten Bewirtschaftung aber gerade auch aus dem bereits erkennbaren Klimawandel ergeben, werden zudem Grenzen der gegenwärtig praktizierten Wasserhaushaltsansprache diskutiert. Daraus ergeben sich perspektivisch vielfältige Herausforderungen. Diese liegen vorrangig in der modellgestützten stärkeren Quantifizierung des Wasserhaushaltes, der Integration dynamischer Klima-, Boden und Bestandseigenschaften sowie in der Übertragung vom Punkt auf die Fläche und die Einzugsgebietsebene

Ureteral calculi: What should you consider before intervening?

The size of the calculi, their location, and complicating factors such as infection should all be considered. Most ureteral calculi smaller than 5 mm pass spontaneously, as do approximately half of calculi between 5 and 10 mm. Calculi larger than 10 mm are unlikely to pass without intervention. Distal calculi are more likely to pass spontaneously than calculi in mid- or proximal ureteral locations; most spontaneous passage occurs within 4 to 6 weeks (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, prospective cohort studies). All patients with calculi complicated by such factors as obstruction, infection, renal injury, or a single kidney require surgical consultation (SOR: C, expert opinion). Medical expulsion therapy with alpha-blockers (usually tamsulosin) and nifedipine improves passage rates, including for some calculi larger than 10 mm (SOR: A, metaanalysis of prospective cohort studies)

Shell structure and electron-electron interaction in self-assembled InAs quantum dots

Using far-infrared spectroscopy, we investigate the excitations of self-organized InAs quantum dots as a function of the electron number per dot, 1<n<6, which is monitored in situ by capacitance spectroscopy. Whereas the well-known two-mode spectrum is observed when the lowest s - states are filled, we find a rich excitation spectrum for n=3, which reflects the importance of electron-electron interaction in the present, strongly non-parabolic confining potential. From capacitance spectroscopy we find that the electronic shell structure in our dots gives rise to a distinct pattern in the charging energies which strongly deviates from the monotonic behavior of the Coulomb blockade found in mesoscopic or metallic structures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 PostScript figure