Apple Grade Inspection by Using Machine Vision

We see the world around through our eyes. Our eyes are the sensory organs that capture images and transmit to our brain at very fast rate. The image is representation of real scene either in black & white or in colour. The brain performs various processing functions and vision is perceived. In human beings we make use of vision for accomplishing majority of our tasks. Blindfolding ourselves and observing how our daily routine is seriously hampered without our vision can easily verify this fact. Although the first machine that captured image was a pinhole camera that was invented way back in 1850s, which was followed by many advances in image capturing techniques. Black & white camera gave way to coloured camera, resolution of picture captured enhanced, moving pictures were captured using monochrome T.V. Camera followed by coloured T.V. camera and now a days we have digital cameras as small as a size of button, embedded in our mobile phones, at a price, a student can afford from his pocket money. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16043

Clinical approach to Megaliths of Salivary glands – Our Experience

Sialolithiasis is commonly found in middle age patients though to some extent have been reported in children also. It is the most common disease of salivary gland, the symptoms of which develop as a consequence of obstruction of the duct secreting the saliva. It involves the submandibular gland predominantly though other major gland involvement has been reported. Management of the sialolithiasis usually entails exfoliation via milking, invasion of the duct of the associated gland or complete excision of the involved gland

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE CEFUROXIME AXETIL FLOATING TABLETS WITH IMPROVED GI ABSORPTION

Oral drug delivery system represents one of the frontier area of controlled drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery system belongs to oral controlled drug delivery system group, which is capable of floating in the stomach for prolong period of time. The objective of the present research work is to provide a gastroretentive system for sustained release of therapeutically active agent, cefuroxime axetil in upper part of gastro-intestinal tract in the form of floating tablet. Cefuroxime axetil, an oral prodrug shows a bioavailablity of 30% to 40% when taken on fasting and 5% to 60% whentaken after food. The cefuroxim axetil esterase can hydrolyze cefuroximeaxetil to the nonabsorbable cefuroxim in the gut lumen and is therefore, suspected as a possible cause of incomplete bioavailability. Which suggests an absorption mechanism through the mucosa with limited capacity. Cefuroxime axetil had saturation kinetics that could be overcome by slow release of drug from the formulation, by incorporating cefuroxime axetil in sustained drug delivery system. Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Cefuroxime axetil, Gastro-intestinal tractÂ

To Deduce Optimal Fentanyl Infusion Dose for Effective Analgesia with Minimal Side Effects and Maximum Hemodynamic Stability

Objective: To deduce optimal fentanyl infusion dose for effective analgesia with minimal side effects and maximum hemodynamic stability. Material and methods: In our prospective study, we compared three groups (of 30 patients each) namely group 2, 3, 4 receiving three different doses of fentanyl (20 µg, 30 µg, 40 µg), respectively with control group (Group 1) receiving conventional analgesics through intramuscular or intravenous route. Effective analgesia was rated on linear visual analog scale (VAS) with minimum side effects and most stable hemodynamic parameters. Results: The VAS scores, at rest, were significantly lower for epidural fentanyl groups as compared to control group. Mean blood pressure and pulse rate in all groups were comparable at all times. The incidence of side effects was similar in the three fentanyl groups as compared to control group. Conclusion: Fentanyl dose of 40 µg is the optimal epidural dose of background infusion along with patient on demand analgesia in terms of maximum analgesic efficacy, maximum hemodynamic stability and minimum side effects in patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Alpha: en route from “Power”-less to “Power”-ful

Subject area Strategy and finance. Study level/applicability MBA/MBA equivalent programme – finance specialisation. Case overview In June 2009, Mr Rakesh Vora, CEO of Alpha Power Ltd, India was facing problems while deciding the appropriate business model of the company. Without the existence of an adequate business plan, the CFO, Mr Harish Gupta, could not decide the adequate capital structure and valuation of the one million shares the company planned to issue in the market through private placement. Alpha Power Ltd is planning to start two power plants at Jatra and Chhapra. The plants are to be funded by a prudent mix of debt and equity; but, it has major issues regarding the financing arrangements. The management is undecided about how to fund these projects. Power sector in India is booming; however, the challenges faced by the company are numerous. They include possibility of a slowdown, different buying/leasing options for land, option of using better technology, decision regarding importing of superior quality, but high-cost coal and valuation of the company using various approaches, etc. Expected learning outcomes The case is intended to help future finance professionals understand the working of power plants in India and experience the decision-making process faced by managers, while making a business plan and raising funds for power projects. Supplementary materials Teaching notes. </jats:sec