TransDocAnalyser: A Framework for Offline Semi-structured Handwritten Document Analysis in the Legal Domain

State-of-the-art offline Optical Character Recognition (OCR) frameworks perform poorly on semi-structured handwritten domain-specific documents due to their inability to localize and label form fields with domain-specific semantics. Existing techniques for semi-structured document analysis have primarily used datasets comprising invoices, purchase orders, receipts, and identity-card documents for benchmarking. In this work, we build the first semi-structured document analysis dataset in the legal domain by collecting a large number of First Information Report (FIR) documents from several police stations in India. This dataset, which we call the FIR dataset, is more challenging than most existing document analysis datasets, since it combines a wide variety of handwritten text with printed text. We also propose an end-to-end framework for offline processing of handwritten semi-structured documents, and benchmark it on our novel FIR dataset. Our framework used Encoder-Decoder architecture for localizing and labelling the form fields and for recognizing the handwritten content. The encoder consists of Faster-RCNN and Vision Transformers. Further the Transformer-based decoder architecture is trained with a domain-specific tokenizer. We also propose a post-correction method to handle recognition errors pertaining to the domain-specific terms. Our proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art results on the FIR dataset outperforming several existing modelsComment: This paper has been accepted in 17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition(ICDAR) as an Oral presentatio

Results of sagittaly unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed by dual reduction technique

Background: We evaluated the functional and radiological outcome of sagittally unstable intertrochanteric fractures reduced by dual technique consisting of a crutch placed posteriorly over distal fragment and pushing the flexed proximal fragment by ramrod anteriorly over a period of 12 months.Methods: A fracture was defined as sagittally unstable intertrochanteric fracture when posterior sagging of distal fragment and flexion of proximal fragment worsens after routine maneuvers for closed reduction. Out of the 80 intertrochanteric fractures treated from February 2018 to April 2019, 16 hips had sagittal instability and after reduction were treated with proximal femoral nail (Stryker Trauson) in some patients and DePuy Synthes proximal femoral nail PFNA in remaining patients. These 16 patients were followed up for a period of 1 year and functional and radiological outcome was noted.Results: Out of the 16 patients, 10 were males and 6 were females. The mean age was 68.2 years. According to the A.O classification out of the 16 patients, 7, 5 and 4 patients were classified as A1.3, A2.1, and A2.2 or more. The mean time from injury till surgery was 4.6 days. The mean surgical time was 45.8 minutes. The mean time for radiological union was 22.4 weeks. The mean pre injury activity level was 4.2 while the mean final activity level was 3.8 (1-5) according to modified Koval activity index.Conclusions: Anatomical reduction followed by rigid internal fixation is the key to success in intertrochanteric fractures.

The study of clinico-pathological correlation and treatment outcome in acute allograft rejection in the immediate post renal transplant period

Background: The kidney Tx is the treatment of choice for patients with ESRD. However, episodes of AR have a negative impact on short- and long-term graft survival. In spite of immunosuppressive medications, CNI, MMF and steroid, the AR remains a crucial problem for Tx. This analysis was performed to evaluate the changing profile of early AR (during first week of transplant) and its repercussions on graft survival.Methods: This study was an observational cohort study and included 50 renal transplant patients irrespective of age, sex and race who developed bx proven AR within first week of transplant. Three groups were made according to histopathology: ACR, AMR and mixed rejection group. The patients were followed for 6 months thereafter.Results: AR within a week of renal Tx were less symptomatic except decrease in UO. ACR was more common (72%) than AMR and mixed rejections. AMR and Mixed group required more therapeutic modalities than ACR. More patients required HD during AR in AMR and mixed rejection group than ACR. The mean s.cr at 6 months was 1.3,1.5 and 1.6 in ACR, AMR and mixed group respectively. There were more incidences of BK viremia, CMV infection UTI and rejection fronts follow up in AMR and mixed group than ACR group.Conclusions: Acute rejections within a week are less symptomatic and ACR occurred more frequently than AMR and mixed rejection There were more incidences of BKV, CMV and UTI for 6 months follow up in AMR and Mixed rejection group

Look Both Ways: Bidirectional Visual Sensing for Automatic Multi-Camera Registration

This work describes the automatic registration of a large network (approximately 40) of fixed, ceiling-mounted environment cameras spread over a large area (approximately 800 squared meters) using a mobile calibration robot equipped with a single upward-facing fisheye camera and a backlit ArUco marker for easy detection. The fisheye camera is used to do visual odometry (VO), and the ArUco marker facilitates easy detection of the calibration robot in the environment cameras. In addition, the fisheye camera is also able to detect the environment cameras. This two-way, bidirectional detection constrains the pose of the environment cameras to solve an optimization problem. Such an approach can be used to automatically register a large-scale multi-camera system used for surveillance, automated parking, or robotic applications. This VO based multi-camera registration method has been extensively validated using real-world experiments, and also compared against a similar approach which uses a LiDAR - an expensive, heavier and power hungry sensor

A Critical Review Of The Impact Of Health Policies On The Realization Of The Right To Health For Women

The right to health is a fundamental and universally recognized human right, enshrined in international treaties, national constitutions, and legal frameworks, ensuring that every individual has access to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental well-being. However, women’s health rights remain a critical issue globally, as gender-specific disparities continue to persist due to socio-economic, cultural, and political factors. This paper provides a critical review of the impact of health policies on the realization of the right to health for women, examining the extent to which national and international legal frameworks have successfully addressed gender-based health inequities.Women’s health needs are distinct and multidimensional, encompassing reproductive and maternal healthcare, access to contraception, safe abortion services, menstrual health management, prevention and treatment of gender-based violence, and gender-sensitive approaches to non-communicable diseases. However, various structural barriers—including discriminatory laws, inadequate funding, lack of political will, and social stigma—undermine the effective implementation of health policies. While global health policies, such as those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize gender equality and universal health coverage, their practical enforcement remains inconsistent across different socio-economic and legal landscapes.The paper critically evaluates the interplay between international human rights instruments such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and national health policies in different countries. By analyzing case studies from diverse geographical regions, the study highlights both the progress made and the challenges that persist in ensuring women’s access to equitable healthcare services. It further explores the disparities in healthcare access for women from marginalized and vulnerable communities, including those in rural areas, indigenous populations, refugees, and women with disabilities, demonstrating how intersectionality plays a crucial role in determining health outcomes.A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to examining how economic policies—such as healthcare privatization, user fees, and out-of-pocket expenditure—affect women’s ability to access healthcare. The increasing commercialization of healthcare has disproportionately affected women, particularly those in lower-income groups, as they often bear the financial burden of medical expenses for themselves and their families. The study also investigates the impact of global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed pre-existing weaknesses in health systems and resulted in significant disruptions to essential services such as maternal and reproductive healthcare.Moreover, this paper critically assesses the effectiveness of legal and policy interventions aimed at improving women’s health rights. It examines best practices from countries that have successfully implemented gender-responsive health policies and draws comparisons with nations where restrictive laws and inadequate policy frameworks continue to hinder progress. The role of civil society organizations, advocacy groups, and grassroots movements in influencing policy changes and holding governments accountable is also explored, highlighting the power of collective action in advancing women’s health rights.In conclusion, the research underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, inclusive, and well-implemented health policies that address systemic gender-based disparities. A human rights-based approach to healthcare, which integrates legal protections, financial accessibility, and community-driven solutions, is essential for ensuring that women’s health rights are fully realized. Governments and policymakers must prioritize intersectional and gender-sensitive strategies, increase investments in women’s health, and strengthen legal mechanisms to eliminate discrimination and ensure accountability. Ultimately, this paper calls for a transformative shift in health policy frameworks, emphasizing the importance of equity, justice, and the right to health as a fundamental pillar of women’s empowerment and well-being

Impact and modifications of in-hospital trauma care workflow due to COVID 19 pandemic: Lessons learnt for the future

Objective: To describe the restructuring if in-hospital systems of care at a Level -1 trauma center in India and to analyze volume and patterns of injury for future preparedness as well as to institute preventive measures for specific injuries during health emergencies like COVID-19.Methods: The data were extracted from a prospectively managed trauma registry at level-1 trauma center in India. We compared data of lockdown period with data of the same number of days from the pre-lockdown period. Patients were grouped according to age, gender, cause of injury, place of injury, injury severity, and injury outcome for comparative analysis between two periods.Results: Total emergency department (ED) footfall due to trauma decreased significantly by 73% during lockdown period. Injuries resulting due to blunt forces, increased significantly. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of patients having major injury. The road traffic injuries (RTIs) cases were less, but number of falls reported increased significantly during lockdown. Significantly less number of patients presented without receiving primary care. Majority of the patients were transported using private cars, police vehicle, and two wheelers during lockdown, however, as expected significantly less number of patients were transported by three wheelers. The comparative analysis between quantitative data points shows significant difference in median ISS and length of stay during lockdown. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the preparedness during health emergencies should not focus solely on the response to treatment of infectious disease but also on ensuring access and provision of reasonable quality of care for non-infectious illnesses, especially acute conditions like trauma

A monoclonal antibody against annexin A2 targets stem and progenitor cell fractions in tumors.

The involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in driving tumor dormancy and drug resistance is well established. Most therapeutic regimens however are ineffective in targeting these regenerative populations. We report the development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody, mAb150, which targets the metastasis associated antigen, Annexin A2 (AnxA2) through recognition of a N-terminal epitope. Treatment with mAb150 potentiated re-entry of CSCs into the cell cycle that perturbed tumor dormancy and facilitated targeting of CSCs as was validated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Epigenetic potentiation further improved mAb150 efficacy in achieving total tumor regression by targeting regenerative populations to achieve tumor regression, specifically in high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma

Soil quality assessment and mapping in basaltic terrain of Central India for sustainable soil and crop management using integrated PCA and GIS

The cereal-based cropping system plays a vital role in ensuring food security in the Indian subcontinent. However, the productivity of these systems has seen a continuous decline due to the degradation of soil quality. This study aims to develop a Soil Quality Index (SQI) for such cropping systems. A detailed survey was conducted in the Bareli watershed of Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh, at a 1:10000 scale using high-resolution satellite data and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The survey identified and mapped 5 soil series: Diwartola, Diwara, Bareli-1, Bareli-2 and Bareli-3. Soil quality was evaluated based on morphological, physical and chemical properties as well as fertility parameters. Key indicators for soil quality assessment included sand, silt, clay content, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity and coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE). Additionally, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and nutrients like N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were considered. The SQI was calculated using integrated principal component analysis, which involved selecting a minimum data set (MDS), assigning weights and scoring indicators. The results revealed that Diwartola soils had high quality (242.7 ha, 13.5 % TGA), Bareli-1 and Bareli-3 soils were of medium quality (462.8 ha, 25.7 % TGA), while Diwara and Bareli-2 soils were of low quality (966.1 ha, 53.8 % TGA). Agro-interventions such as agri-horticulture, agro-forestry, silvi-pasture, intensive cultivation and soil and water conservation measures were recommended based on the different mapping units

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data