DRMs, Innovation and Creation

DRMs are intellectual property institutions. They transpose the empirical principle of copyright, which implicitly recognizes that specific ownership rules should be attached to non scientific creation, into the digital era. The legal protection of DRMs, a private means of enforcing content excludability, participates in the "privatization" of copyright protection. This, in turn, means that a proprietary software — governed by intellectual property rights, reinforced by public law — becomes the key to the vertical relations shaped by exclusive copyright. DRMs consequently represent a major stake in the competition to capture network effects in the content distribution vertical chaincopyright; distribution; DRMs; network effects

Impact of dead zones on the response of a hadron calorimeter with projective and non-projective geometry

The aim of this study is to find an optimal mechanical design of the hadronic calorimeter for SiD detector which takes into account engineering as well as physics requirements. The study focuses on the crack effects between two modules for various barrel mechanical design on calorimeter response. The impact of different size of the supporting stringers and dead areas in an active calorimeter layer along the module boundary has been studied for single pions and muons. The emphasis has been put on the comparison of the projective and non-projective barrel geometry for SiD hadronic calorimeter.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Excitonic structure and pumping power dependent emission blue-shift of type-II quantum dots

In this work we study theoretically and experimentally the multi-particle structure of the so-called type-II quantum dots with spatially separated electrons and holes. Our calculations based on customarily developed full configuration interaction approach reveal that exciton complexes containing holes interacting with two or more electrons exhibit fairly large antibinding energies. This effect is found to be the hallmark of the type-II confinement. In addition, an approximate self-consistent solution of the multi-exciton problem allows us to explain two pronounced phenomena: the blue-shift of the emission with pumping and the large inhomogenous spectral broadening, both of those eluding explanation so far. The results are confirmed by detailed intensity and polarization resolved photoluminescence measurements on a number of type-II samples.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Large Size Telescope camera support structures for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The design of the camera support structures for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Large Size Telescopes (LSTs) is based on an elliptical arch geometry reinforced along its orthogonal projection by two symmetric sets of stabilizing ropes. The main requirements in terms of minimal camera displacement, minimal weight, minimal shadowing on the telescope mirror, maximal strength of the structures and fast dynamical stabilization have led to the application of Carbon Fibre Plastic Reinforced (CFPR) technologies. This work presents the design, static and dynamic performance of the telescope fulfilling critical specifications for the major scientific objectives of the CTA LST, e.g. Gamma Ray Burst detection.Comment: In Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). All CTA contributions at arXiv:1307.223

Formalisation du capital environnemental et projet de territoire : le cas des Biosphärenparks autrichiens

Les Biosphärenparks autrichiens, territoires distingués par un label de l’UNESCO pour leur gestion « durable », peuvent être efficacement analysés à travers la notion de « capital environnemental ». Celle-ci permet d’englober l’ensemble des valeurs, notamment non-économiques, attribuées aux objets de nature d’un espace donné, et surtout les relations sociales et culturelles qui élaborent ces valeurs. Nous tentons ici de montrer la pertinence d’une telle approche, relationnelle, constructiviste et holiste, pour la compréhension des projets de développement des territoires ruraux. Les Biosphärenparks constituent en effet une plate-forme de coordination des efforts de formalisation d’un capital environnemental ; nous entendons par là la mise en correspondance des valeurs et des objets à travers la diffusion de discours sur le territoire

Protection biologique contre les nématodes à galles : test du champignon nématophage (Arthrobotrys conoïdes) : compte-rendu d'essai 2005

Les travaux menés par le GRAB depuis plusieurs années ont permis de tester l’intérêt des tourteaux végétaux, de neem et de ricin, et celui des engrais verts nématicides (tagetes, crotalaires…) dans la lutte contre les nématodes à galles (Meloidogyne spp). Les résultats de ces techniques s’avèrent aléatoires selon les sites, et sont insuffisants pour lutter efficacement contre ce ravageur du sol, notamment dans les sites très infestés. L’avenir de la lutte contre les nématodes à galles en agriculture biologique passe très vraisemblablement par l’association de plusieurs techniques : raisonnement de la rotation, avec cultures de plantes non-hôtes ou résistantes (porte-greffes), désinfection (vapeur, solarisation), utilisation de tourteaux ou de la biofumigation (association d’un amendement et de la solarisation), engrais verts nématicides et utilisation de micro-organismes. Les travaux de M. Cayrol, à l’INRA d’Antibes, avaient montré l’intérêt du champignon nématophage Arthrobotrys, mais son utilisation s’était heurtée à des problèmes de formulation et de conservation du produit. Aujourd’hui, la société Casale (Suisse) a mis au point une formulation sèche, sous forme de granulés, du champignon Arthrobotrys conoides, dont les modalités d’utilisation sont en cours de mise au point. L’essai conduit en 2005 a donc pour objectif : - de tester l’effet nématicide du champignon Arthrobotrys conoides, - de tester différentes doses afin d’affiner les modalités d’emploi. Parallèlement, un essai est conduit dans une autre station d’expérimentation afin d’évaluer l’effet du type de sol sur l’installation du champignon

White organic light-emitting diodes with an ultra-thin premixed emitting layer

We described an approach to achieve fine color control of fluorescent White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED), based on an Ultra-thin Premixed emitting Layer (UPL). The UPL consists of a mixture of two dyes (red-emitting 4-di(4'-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)amino-4'-dicyanovinylbenzene or fvin and green-emitting 4-di(4'-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)aminobenzaldehyde or fcho) premixed in a single evaporation cell: since these two molecules have comparable structures and similar melting temperatures, a blend can be evaporated, giving rise to thin films of identical and reproducible composition compared to those of the pre-mixture. The principle of fine color tuning is demonstrated by evaporating a 1-nm-thick layer of this blend within the hole-transport layer (4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphtyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (\alpha-NPB)) of a standard fluorescent OLED structure. Upon playing on the position of the UPL inside the hole-transport layer, as well as on the premix composition, two independent parameters are available to finely control the emitted color. Combined with blue emission from the heterojunction, white light with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage 1931 color coordinates (0.34, 0.34) was obtained, with excellent color stability with the injected current. The spectrum reveals that the fcho material does not emit light due to efficient energy transfer to the red-emitting fvin compound but plays the role of a host matrix for fvin, allowing for a very precise adjustment of the red dopant amount in the device

‘Playing with space': a conceptual basis for investigating active sport tourism practices

This paper proposes a conceptual tool, the expression ‘playing with space’, for the analysis of active sport tourism as a meaningful social practice. The expression issues from practice theories and pragmatic understandings of space, which emphasize the processual and contextual dimensions of human action and seek to seize altogether the corporealities and shared conceptions that constitute action. On such views, sport tourists are considered as reflexive and embodied beings, enjoying sensations, mobilities and places, and constantly (re)making sense of their own practices. I argue that the notion of ‘play’ allows for a comprehensive understanding of the ways active sport tourists engage with space, where space is viewed as an object or material for this play. Three major dimensions of active sport tourism are then identified: a set of playful and game-like practices with global space resulting in shared imaginaries and large-scale mobilities; a kinaesthetic play, based on freedom and sensations and deeply engaged in the materiality of the places and the omnipresent media practices that support the other dimensions of play while being fully integrated into the experience of sport tourism. This conceptual framework is a way to better understand the motives and practices of sport tourists; it is also a way to underline wider trends of contemporary leisure cultures: such cultures are increasingly integrated into the daily spheres of activity, increasingly playful and increasingly mediatized

MDD et pouvoir d'achat : un positionnement à revoir ?

Un différentiel de prix de 20% entre marques nationales et marques de distributeurs est généralement affirmé dans la littérature. Nous montrons que l'évolution globale du différentiel au cours des dernières années remet en cause cette affirmation, et l'expliquons par la combinaison du jeu concurrentiel et des évolutions institutionnelles observées en France. Cependant, la prise en compte de la stratégie des marques de distributeurs par les enseignes conduit à relativiser le constat de différentiel.marques de distributeurs ; marques nationales ; différentiel de prix ; qualité