A Pseudo DNA Cryptography Method

The DNA cryptography is a new and very promising direction in cryptography research. DNA can be used in cryptography for storing and transmitting the information, as well as for computation. Although in its primitive stage, DNA cryptography is shown to be very effective. Currently, several DNA computing algorithms are proposed for quite some cryptography, cryptanalysis and steganography problems, and they are very powerful in these areas. However, the use of the DNA as a means of cryptography has high tech lab requirements and computational limitations, as well as the labor intensive extrapolation means so far. These make the efficient use of DNA cryptography difficult in the security world now. Therefore, more theoretical analysis should be performed before its real applications. In this project, We do not intended to utilize real DNA to perform the cryptography process; rather, We will introduce a new cryptography method based on central dogma of molecular biology. Since this method simulates some critical processes in central dogma, it is a pseudo DNA cryptography method. The theoretical analysis and experiments show this method to be efficient in computation, storage and transmission; and it is very powerful against certain attacks. Thus, this method can be of many uses in cryptography, such as an enhancement insecurity and speed to the other cryptography methods. There are also extensions and variations to this method, which have enhanced security, effectiveness and applicability.Comment: A small work that quite some people asked abou

Innovative Strategic Leader Transforming From a Low-Cost Strategy to Product Differentiation Strategy

After the 2008 economic slowdown, and with increasing assault from enterprises from emerging economies, many innovative strategic leaders of multinational enterprises are forced to radically transform their enterprises. They often choose to change from low-cost strategy to innovation-driven product differentiation strategy. In this study, we use a multi-level Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) and agency theory to empirically illustrate such a strategic transformation at a large composite fabric and accessories enterprise. Lessons are drawn from the impact of strategic transformation at multiple levels: strategic leader level, tactical-team manager level, operational follower level, and stakeholder level. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided by way of mindful leader orientation and value-based innovation

Individual Creativity and the Influence of Mindful Leaders on Enterprise

Creativity and innovation drive competitiveness in the 21st century enterprises. Dynamic hyper-intensive competitive markets demand widespread innovations from all employees in most global enterprises. Leaders influence and set the contextual environments under which their employees express creativity. This paper will examine how different lea- dership models relate with individual creativity. It is noted that the mindful consciousness of individuals, including their leaders, play significant roles in the individuals’ creativity. This exploratory research study first defines creativity and individual creativity, and then examines the five different orientations of leaders’ influences on the individuals’ creativity. In conclusion, selected managerial and educational implications are suggested

Technology Roadmapping for Commercializing Strategic Innovations

In the increasingly globalized world economies, a variety of drivers define the market and regulatory contexts for commercializing the strategic innovations that provide significant competitive advantage in the near-term and long-term future. In this study we examine how technological roadmapping integrates these strategic contextual factors with the organizational capabilities and resources of the firm to commercialize strategic innovations. This is done by first examining four roadmapping case-studies: (1) at Motorola, (2) at Sandia National laboratories, (3) the National and International Roadmaps for Semiconductors, and (3) nanotechnologies. A five stage process is proposed for commercializing strategic innovations. Finally, managerial implications and potential future research are discussed.En las crecientes economías del mundo globalizado, una variedad de factores definen al mercado y el contexto regulatorio para la comercialización de innovaciones estratégicas que proveen ventajas competitivas significantes a corto y largo plazo. En éste estudio se examinan como la generación de mapas tecnológicos integran estos factores contextuales con las capacidades organizacionales y los recursos de la compañía para comercializar las innovaciones estratégicas. El estudio se realizó examinando 4 casos de mapas tecnológicos: (1) Motorota, (2) Laboratorios Nacionales Sandia, (3) Los mapas Internacionales para Semiconductores y (4) Nanotecnologías. Un procedimiento consistente en 5 etapas es propuesto para la comercialización de innovaciones estratégicas. Finalmente se discuten, las implicaciones de gestión y el desarrollo de un futuro tema de investigación.In the increasingly globalized world economies, a variety of drivers define the market and regulatory contexts for commercializing the strategic innovations that provide significant competitive advantage in the near-term and long-term future. In this study we examine how technological roadmapping integrates these strategic contextual factors with the organizational capabilities and resources of the firm to commercialize strategic innovations. This is done by first examining four roadmapping case-studies: (1) at Motorola, (2) at Sandia National laboratories, (3) the National and International Roadmaps for Semiconductors, and (3) nanotechnologies. A five stage process is proposed for commercializing strategic innovations. Finally, managerial implications and potential future research are discussed

Corporate Brand Value Shifting from Identity to Innovation Capability: from Coca-Cola to Apple

Corporate brand value, a key corporate asset, has traditionally relied on stakeholder interactions, heritage, and corporate identity. In dynamic fast clock-speed industries (information technology and consumer electronics), we note that brand values change dramatically within a few years based on their innovativeness. Using grounded theory approach and multi-case study method we examine how Apple, Samsung, Toyota, and Coca-Cola sustained their most valuable global brands while Kodak and General Motors eroded the same. Certain key dynamic innovative capabilities are identified as best practices. We conclude with implications for managers and future researchers, along with some limitations

Influence of seed pretreated in sodium chloride on the salt tolerance of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) seed soaking on seed germination and plant growth of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under saline conditions. Seeds were pretreated by soaking in NaCl solutions at concentrations of 0, 1500, 3000 and 4500 ppm. The pretreated seeds were divided into two groups: the first group was germinated in Petri dishes, and the second group was sown in pots. Both groups were irrigated with different concentrations of salinity (tap water, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm NaCl). The results indicated that the salinity of the irrigation water decreased the seed germination percentage and leaf chlorophyll content under a salinity level of 3000 ppm. On the other hand, pretreatment of seeds with NaCl solution led to a gradual increase in germination percentage and total chlorophyll content of leaves. Pretreatment with 4500 ppm NaCl gave comparable values to the effect of control treatment under irrigation conditions with 1000 and 2000 ppm salinity. However, pretreatment of seeds with NaCl led to a gradual decrease in germination percentage, reaching 60% under a salinity level of 3000 ppm, and no obvious effect was seen on the leaf chlorophyll contents. Pretreatment of seeds by NaCl solutions increased the root and shoot fresh and dry weights, while shoot and root weight gradually decreased with the increasing salinity of irrigation water and regardless of the effects attributed to seed pretreatment. The increase in irrigation water salinity also led to a decrease in leaf area, and root length and root diameter, as well as root water contents. In contrast, the salinity led to a gradual increase in leaf specific weight, while the value of leaf number and leaf water contents were not affected. Therefore, the increased specific leaf weight as a result of the salinity of the irrigation water gave an indication that soaking the seeds in saline solutions increased the plant tolerance to salinity that lead to better plant growth

Enhancing sentiment analysis through deep layer integration with long short-term memory networks

This involves studying one of the most important parts of natural language processing (NLP): sentiment, or whether a thing that makes a sentence is neutral, positive, or negative. This paper presents an enhanced long short-term memory (LSTM) network for the sentiment analysis task using an additional deep layer to capture sublevel patterns from the word input. So, the process that we followed in our approach is that we cleaned the data, preprocessed it, built the model, trained the model, and finally tested it. The novelty here lies in the additional layer in the architecture of LSTM model, which improves the model performance. We added a deep layer with the intention of improving accuracy and generalizing the model. The results of the experiment are analyzed using recall, F1-score, and accuracy, which in turn show that the deep-layered LSTM model gives us a better prediction. The LSTM model outperformed the baseline in terms of accuracy, recall, and f1-score. The deep layer's forecast accuracy increased dramatically once it was trained to capture intricate sequences. However, the improved model overfitted, necessitating additional regularization and hyperparameter adjustment. In this paper, we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using deep layers in LSTM networks and their application to developing models for deep learning with better-performing sentiment analysis

The Prevalence of Inflammatory and Developmental Odontogenic Cysts in a Libyan Population

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic jaw cysts in a Libyan population and to compare the data with previously published reports from other countries. Materials and methods- We retrieved and analyzed 2190 case notes and biopsy records of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Al Arab Medical Sciences University, Benghazi, Libya, dating from January 1990 to December 2005. There were 326 cases (14.8%) of diagnosed odontogenic cysts among the 2190 biopsies performed during this period. The cases were analyzed for age and sex distribution, site of presentation, association with impacted teeth, and the method of treatment.Results: The male to female ratio of patients was 1.3:1 Radicular cysts accounted for 222 cases (68.1%), followed by dentigerous cysts (n=49, 15%) and odontogenic keratocysts (n=43, 14.1%). Mean ages of the patients were, respectively, 31.7, 22.7 and 36.1 years. . The maxilla was more commonly involved than the mandible (1.3:1). The anterior maxilla was the commonest site (n=132, 37.4%) followed by the posterior mandible (n=96, 29.4%). Fifty three cases were associated with impacted teeth, and the highest frequency was for dentigerous cysts (n=37). Enucleation and curettage was performed on 300 patients, marsupialization on 14, and marginal/segmental resection on 12.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first such study on a Libyan population. Our results are comparable to studies from other countries. Knowledge of the relative frequencies and sites of presentation of odontogenic cysts in different ethno-geographic backgrounds is essential for the early diagnosis and management of these benign yet potentially destructive lesions. Keywords: Odontogenic cysts, Prevalence, Radicular cyst, Dentigerous cyst, Odontogenic keratocys

In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells in Primary Colorectal Cancer Models

The existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) postulates that tumors are organized as a cellular hierarchy and that tumor initiation, growth and cellular heterogeneity are driven by a subset of cells with stem cell like properties. The CSCs are endowed with the ability to self-renew and thereby to proliferate indefinitely. At a functional level, CSCs are characterized by their ability to regenerate in vivo from a single cell into the full spectrum of histology of the tumor of origin and to form spheroid colonies in vitro in an anchorage independent environment. The specific aims for this project include setting up assays that will enable the quantification and the characterization of CSCs and evaluating cell surface markers to enrich for CSC. Additionally, in our in vivo assays, we will compare different mice strains as hosts to our in vivo assays. In order to assess the frequency of CSCs within a solid tumor, we established an in vitro and in vivo limited dilution assay (LDA). A known number of cells were seeded in a low attachment well with stem cell growth media, and the number of spheroids that grew was counted by Optronix GelCount. In an in vivo LDA, immune deficient mice were inoculated with a specific number of cells, and the number of tumor bearing mice was counted. In order to optimize our methods, immortalized colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines COLO205 and T84 were used as tools to develop LDAs. We were able to determine that the sphere and tumor-forming efficiency of COLO205 was superior to T84, resulting in the primary use of COLO205 cells for assay development. We also aimed to compare the tumor initiating capacity of the COLO205 cell line in order to investigate the effect of the mouse immune system on the read-out of the in vivo tumor formation assay. The result of this experiment was inconclusive; no tumors grew, which is a defect that we could pinpoint to a loss of viability of sorted tumor cells by FACS. We worked with four colorectal cancer models derived from patient tumors and continuously passaged in immune deficient mice. Two models were established from primary tumors obtained from the Amgen Tissue Bank. These tumors were dissociated and cultured in serum-free stem cell growth media on low attachment plates. The other two models were obtained from a company that had continuously passaged the tumors in immune deficient mice. We used these two models to test mouse immune background and effects of irradiation on tumor initiation. Antibodies to extracellular proteins epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CD133 were used to enrich for a homogenous population of CSCs by sorting protocols. We could not confirm that either of these is a good marker but did find that FACS sorting may affect tumorigenicity and viability of CSCs in our CRC models. The outcome of the CSC enrichment procedure will be important to enable further characterization at the molecular and cellular level of CSC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets that could selectively eliminate CSCs. i