PENGARUH MUTU PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DAN KOMPETENSI PETUGAS TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN OBAT, SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH (RSUD) LABUANG BAJI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

This study is aimed at examining the influence of the quality pharmaceutical service on patients’ satisfaction, the officers’ competence on drug availibity, the officers’ competence on patients’ satisfaction , and drug availibity on patients’ satisfaction at Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital of South Sulawesi Province. The population of the study is all 1378 patients utilizing the installation at RSUD Labuang Baji of South Sulawesi with 310 respondents as the samples taking by using Slovin formula. By using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis tool with AMOS 20 program, the study results reveal that 4 (four) of the 5 (five) proposed hypotheses are accepted, while the rest of 1 (one) hypothesis is rejected namely the 4th hypothesis: the officers’ competence has no significant influence on patients’ satisfaction ata pharmacy installation of RSUD Labuang Baji of South Sulawesi Province. Keywords : Quality, Competence, Drug Availability, Satisfactio

Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Sawit Off Grade dengan Menggunakan Katalis Zno Komersial pada Proses Transesterifikasi

Vegetable oil with high FFA derived from off grade palm oil can be used as raw material for making biodiesel. ZnO is currently developed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of biodiesel production. This research aimed to produce biodiesel from low-quality raw materials and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the effect of process conditions such as reaction temperature, mole ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. The process of making biodiesel is done with two stages of the reaction of esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification reaction carried out at a temperature of 65oC, the mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:12, and 1% catalyst concentration. Variations in operating conditions transesterification reaction include reaction temperature (45oC, 55oC, 65oC), the mole ratio of oil: methanol (1:10, 1:14, and 1:18), and catalyst concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2% / w). The highest yield of biodiesel obtained as much as 94.26% under the conditions of reaction temperature of 65oC, the mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:18, and 2% of ZnO catalyst concentration. The characteristics of biodiesel produced in the form of density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in according to the standards of Indonesian biodiesel

Kesejahteraan Gender Ditinjau dari Perpekstif Islam

Different gender role is a serious concerns particularly related to masculinity. This could have an approach both for women and men. According to gender conflict role, intense dissemination about masculinity such as violence against women, rape, sexual harrassment. Gender role conflict is as an implication of cognitive, emotional and unconsiousness aspect that has been internally influence within the patriarchal system. Ketimpangan peran gender sebagai suatu permasalahan, serta sisi gelap perilaku-perilaku yang di kaitkan dengan maskulin tidak bisa hanya didekati melalui perspektif perempuan saja, namun juga harus secara empati melihatnya dari sisi pria. Menurut teori dan paradigma konflik peran gender, sosialisasi yang berlebihan dalam hal norma-norma maskulin, di tengah lingkungan yang seksis dan patrichitlah yang berperan dalam hal peran gender, diskriminasi terhadap wanita serta timbulnya sisi gelap perilaku yang di kaitkan dengan maskulin seperti kekerasan terhadap wanita, perkosaan, pelecehan seksual dan lain-lain. Konflik peran gender merupakan implikasi dari permasalahan-permasalahan kognitif, emosional, ketidak sadaran atau perilaku yang disebabkan oleh peran-peran gender yang dipelajari pada masyarakat yang seksis dan patriarchal. “Hai manusia, Sesungguhnya kami menciptakan kamu dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan dan menjadikan kamu berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku supaya kamu saling kenal-mengenal. Sesungguhnya orang yang paling mulia diantara kamu disisi Allah ialah orang yang paling taqwa diantara kamu. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha mengetahui lagi Maha Mengenal”

Oakleaf: an S locus-linked mutation of Primula vulgaris that affects leaf and flower development

•In Primula vulgaris outcrossing is promoted through reciprocal herkogamy with insect-mediated cross-pollination between pin and thrum form flowers. Development of heteromorphic flowers is coordinated by genes at the S locus. To underpin construction of a genetic map facilitating isolation of these S locus genes, we have characterised Oakleaf, a novel S locus-linked mutant phenotype. •We combine phenotypic observation of flower and leaf development, with classical genetic analysis and next-generation sequencing to address the molecular basis of Oakleaf. •Oakleaf is a dominant mutation that affects both leaf and flower development; plants produce distinctive lobed leaves, with occasional ectopic meristems on the veins. This phenotype is reminiscent of overexpression of Class I KNOX-homeodomain transcription factors. We describe the structure and expression of all eight P. vulgaris PvKNOX genes in both wild-type and Oakleaf plants, and present comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves and flowers from Oakleaf and wild-type plants. •Oakleaf provides a new phenotypic marker for genetic analysis of the Primula S locus. We show that none of the Class I PvKNOX genes are strongly upregulated in Oakleaf leaves and flowers, and identify cohorts of 507 upregulated and 314 downregulated genes in the Oakleaf mutant

Antibacterial Activity Test to Ethanol Extract of White Pumpkin Leaf (Lagenaria siceraria) Against Multiple Bacterial Pathogens

Research had done on the antibacterial activity of white pumpkin leaf extract (Lagenaria Siceraria) Against Multiple Bacterial Pathogens. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of white pumpkin leaf to 8 pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp, Streptococcus mutans, Stapylacoccus aureus, Salmonella thypi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis.) The study was conducted by extracting white pumpkin leaf by using ethanol 96%. Furthermore, the screening test conducted using microbes to extract ethanol from white pumpkin leaf by using a concentration of 0.5% and 1% (w / v) with a negative control piper disk. Result obtained is at a concentration of 0.5% can inhibit the four bacterial pathogens including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Stapylacoccus aureus and epidermidis Staphylacoccus. After the preliminary test and then test the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum kill concentration test (MKC), where the result obtained is at a concentration of 0.5% white pumpkin leaf extract could inhibit bacterial pathogens 4 obtained in the screening test and a concentration of 2 % white pumpkin leaf extract capable of killing four bacterial pathogens.Further testing is testing the inhibition by diffusion method against some pathogenic bacteria that inhibit the screening result (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Stapylacoccus aureus and epidermidis Staphylacoccus) with a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 2% where chloramphenicol as a positive control. Results obtained diameter zone of the biggest barriers to the bacteria Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Stapylacoccus aureus and epidermidis Staphylacoccus row was 2.2 cm; 4.1 cm; 2.43 cm and 3.73 cm. Keywords: Ethanol extract, White pumpkin leaf, Pathogenic bacteri

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF PATHOGEN BACTERIA AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL ETHANOL EXTRACT TEST ACTIVITY OF WHITE PUMPKIN LEAVES (Lagenaria siceraria)

There had been a research of antibacterial extract of white pumpkin leaves (Lagenaria cineraria) activity towards some pathogen bacteria. The objective of the study was to present the antibacterial activity of extract of white pumpkin leaves, commonly called Lagenaria siceraria, against some 8 pathogen bacteria such as (Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp, Streptococcus mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The research was conducted by extracting the white pumpkin leaves and using 96% ethanol liquid. Afterwards the screening test was performed using microbe test and ethanol extract of white pumpkin leaves with 0,5% concentration and 1 % (b/v) with negative control of disc piper. It was found that the 0,5% concentration could prevent 4 pathogen bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. After conducting the screening test followed by the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) test and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, in which the result was the ethanol extract of white pumpkin leaves with 0,5% concentration could prevent 4 pathogen bacteria which was obtained from screening test 2 % concentrationagainst extract of white pumpkin leaves that are able to kill 4 pathogen bacteria. Another test was performed with inhibitory test through agar diffusion method so that some blocking pathogen bacteria to screening result (Escherichia Coli, Streptococcus mutants, Staphylococcus Aurous, and Staphylococcus Epidermidises) against 0,5%, 1% and 2 % concentration. Moreover the chloramphenicol is as positive control. The result which was obtained respectively was the biggest obstacle zone diameter towards Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria were 2,2 cm; 4,1 cm; 2,43 cm and 3,73 cm.

EVALUASI WAKTU TUNGGU LAYANAN RESEP PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT DI MAKASSAR: EVALUATION OF WAITING TIME FOR OUTPATIENT PRESCRIPTION SERVICES AT HOSPITAL PHARMACY INSTALLATIONS IN MAKASSAR

Rumah sakit berperan penting dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat. Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) merupakan pedoman mengenai jenis dan mutu layanan dasar yang menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah daerah dan harus diberikan kepada setiap warga. Waktu tunggu pelayanan obat merupakan salah satu indikator dalam SPM bidang farmasi rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi durasi waktu tunggu pelayanan obat bagi pasien rawat jalan di RS Labuang Baji, RS Haji, dan RS Dadi di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan observasional kuantitatif terhadap seluruh resep yang dilayani pada bulan Juni, Juli, dan Agustus 2023, masing-masing satu bulan per rumah sakit. Terdapat 3.788 lembar resep, terdiri dari 2.697 resep obat jadi dan 1.091 resep racikan. Rata-rata waktu tunggu pelayanan resep di RS Labuang Baji adalah 16 menit untuk obat jadi dan 26 menit untuk obat racikan. Di RS Haji masing-masing 15 menit dan 26 menit. Sementara di RS Dadi, 22 menit dan 31 menit. Seluruh hasil ini sesuai dengan standar Permenkes No. 129 tahun 2014 yang menyatakan bahwa waktu tunggu untuk obat jadi adalah ≤ 15 menit, dan untuk racikan ≤ 30 menit

EFFICIENCY OF PHARMACY MANAGEMENT IN MANAGING EXPIRED DRUGS, DAMAGED DRUGS, AND UNUSED DRUGS

Backround: One of the services provided by pharmaceutical activities is drug management which begins with selection, planning, procurement, receipt, storage, distribution, control, destruction, and administration. In addition to maintaining service quality standards, the goal is to ensure the continued availability and affordability of pharmaceutical preparations and health supplies that are reasonable, effective, and efficient. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which drug management in hospitals affects the condition of drugs that are no longer usable, damaged or unused. Methods: The design of this study was descriptive retrospective with data obtained through observation and interviews and analyzed statistically using the chi square test on the latest version of SPSS software. The study population included all drugs available in the hospital during 2024, with samples in the form of damaged expired drugs and unused drugs. Result: The results of the study showed that the percentage of expired drugs reached 0.093103%, damaged drugs were 0.02069% and unused drugs were 0.006897%, with the total financial losses incurred quite significantly for the hospital. The results of the chi square test showed a significant relationship between drug management and the incidence of expired, damaged and unused drugs (p value = 0.028) based on interviews with pharmacy staff it was found that the main causes of this problem include changes in prescribing patterns, BPJS restrictions that reduce stock movement, and lack of control of drug rotation in the pharmacy warehouse. Conclusion: This study concludes that the management of drug management at Haji Hospital In Makassar needs to be improved, especially in planning and monitoring inventory to reduce the number of expired, damaged and unused drugs. Implementation of a better rotation system and adaptation of prescription policies according to patient needs are expected to minimize future losses

High-resolution transcriptional analysis of the regulatory influence of cell-to-cell signalling reveals novel genes that contribute to Xanthomonas phytopathogenesis

The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is an economically important pathogen of many crop species and a model for the study of bacterial phytopathogenesis. In X.campestris, a regulatory system mediated by the signal molecule DSF controls virulence to plants. The synthesis and recognition of the DSF signal depends upon different Rpf proteins. DSF signal generation requires RpfF whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon a system comprising the sensor RpfC and regulator RpfG. Here we have addressed the action and role of Rpf/DSF signalling in phytopathogenesis by high-resolution transcriptional analysis coupled to functional genomics. We detected transcripts for many genes that were unidentified by previous computational analysis of the genome sequence. Novel transcribed regions included intergenic transcripts predicted as coding or non-coding as well as those that were antisense to coding sequences. In total, mutation of rpfF, rpfG and rpfC led to alteration in transcript levels (more than fourfold) of approximately 480 genes. The regulatory influence of RpfF and RpfC demonstrated considerable overlap. Contrary to expectation, the regulatory influence of RpfC and RpfG had limited overlap, indicating complexities of the Rpf signalling system. Importantly, functional analysis revealed over 160 new virulence factors within the group of Rpf-regulated genes.</p

História crítica da literatura paraibana

Paraíba literature is extremely rich in its works, which is not surprising when we recall canonical names in our art of words. But every work lacks studies and, above all, a systematic view of how organizations are made. The book analyzes the construction of our literature, in nine chapters the production, the agents and their schematization are presented.A literatura paraibana é extremamente rica em seus trabalhos, o que não é de se estranhar quando rememoramos nomes canônicos na nossa arte das palavras. Mas toda obra carece de estudos e, acima de tudo, uma visão sistemática de como as organizações são feitas. O livro traz em análise a construção da nossa literatura, em nove capítulos a produção, os agentes e sua esquematização são apresentados