Current and Future Liquid Argon Neutrino Experiments

The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology provides an opportunity for precision neutrino oscillation measurements, neutrino cross section measurements, and searches for rare processes, such as SuperNova neutrino detection. These proceedings review current and future LArTPC neutrino experiments. Particular focus is paid to the ICARUS, MicroBooNE, LAr1, 2-LArTPC at CERN-SPS, LBNE, and 100 kton at Okinoshima experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 1 table, Proceedings for NuInt'1

Neighbours at war : aggressive behaviour and spatial responsiveness in the anemone, Actinia tenebrosa : this thesis is completed in part of a Masters of Conservation Biology degree

Habitable space is precious and animals have developed a wide variety of mechanisms to acquire and defend favourable space. Aggression is considered any animal behaviour that involves actual or potential harm to another animal of either the same or different species. Agonistic behaviours must also be considered as it is any social behaviour related to fighting. Both aggressive and agnostic behaviours are observed in many animal species as resources including light exposure, nutrients and mates are often limited. Although agonistic behaviour varies among species, agonistic interactions can be partitioned into three specific types of behaviours: threat, aggression, and submission or avoidance. While any one of these behaviours can be observed in isolation, in an interaction between two animals, there is normally a sequence of behaviours which can culminate in combat. Anemones have unique adaptions such as clubs, fighting tentacles, bundles of stinging cells, sweeper tentacles and acrorhagi that allow them to defend themselves from competitors. Previous research also suggests that anemone populations are a collection of clusters of genetically similar which assemble via limited dispersal and locomotion. I chapter two I examined the effect of aggression on individuals at varying distances and predicted that those anemones that are initially located in closest proximity (<1 centimetre) in the field will be less aggressive towards each other than those anemones found further way from each other. Overall, my results suggest that Actinia tenebrosa have an obvious sequence of aggressive behaviours, and that indeed, aggressive behaviours were less common and less severe between nearest neighbours than among individuals sampled at greater distances. My results also show that aggressive behaviours are typically only expressed when individuals are within close proximity of each other <10cm. This behaviour is important to understand as it aids in fully understanding how aggressive behaviours determine dominance hierarchies and the spatial arrangement in A. tenebrosa. I chapter three, I investigated whether there was evidence for an ideal spatial arrangement of individuals in the field by testing whether individuals return to a similar spatial arrangement if randomised. The results from this chapter suggest that there is no single ideal spatial arrangement of individuals but rather individuals will find a spatial arrangement that is stable. I also observed that there appears to be an acclimation between individuals that resulted in a favourable position within the cluster. Lastly, I observed that instead of trying to return to a specific aggregation, individuals acclimate each other and move relative to those individuals surrounding them, much like stars in the sky. The results from this study would suggest that spatial structure of individuals in the field is dependent on intraspecies interactions and the recognition of individuals

Hardy and God: Tess of the D\u27Urberville\u27s Role as the Ultimate Pawn

Thomas Hardy\u27s Tess of the D \u27Urbervilles has multiple competing claims which are difficult to reconcile within the schools ofhist0l1cal, feminist, or classical criticism. A better way to approach the novel is to look at Tess as a pawn within Hardy\u27s own struggle with God. Hardy constructs God as the author of the multiple systems which lead to Tess\u27 final doom: a flawed genetic line, a flawed sexual double standard, and a flawed system of justice. Tess, in Hardy\u27s mind, becomes the victim of a God who is akin to the deity of Greek playwright Aeschylus\u27 Prometheus Bound, rather than the merciful and loving Christian God. This victimization justifies Hardy\u27s assertion that Tess is a pure woman even though society holds her responsible for multiple sins

Screening variability and change of soil moisture under wide-ranging climate conditions : Snow dynamics effects

Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the Stockholm University strategic environmental research program Ekoklim and The Swedish Research Council Formas (project 2012-790).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Dependence in Private Values and Efficiency in Bilateral Trade.

In a bargaining model with dependent private information, I extend the result on existence of efficient mechanisms allowing any distribution of the surplus among traders. This generalization introduces flexibility into the model since full surplus extraction by one trader is incompatible with ex post individual rationality.Bilateral Trade