The circulation of euro banknotes and coins in the Netherlands

In the countries of the European economic and monetary union euro banknotes and coins will be put into circulation from January 1, 2002. Seven new banknotes will be issued and eight new coins. Each member country is responsible for the production and distribution of its domestic euro circulation. Therefore, these countries, in casu central banks and ministries of finance, each draw up their own plan for this project.We unfold a methodology for indicative forecasts of the euro circulation needed in 2002 by proposing two methods. The first method uses econometric models describing the demand for banknotes and the demand for coins. The second method starts from estimated over-the-counter payments in 2002, and calculates the required notes and coins.euro banknotes; euro coins; central banks; economic and monetary union;

Massive quantum fields in a conical background

Representations of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac propagators are determined in a $N$ dimensional conical background for massive fields twisted by an arbitrary angle $2\pi\sigma$. The Dirac propagator is shown to be obtained from the Klein-Gordon propagator twisted by angles $2\pi\sigma\pm {\cal D}/2$ where ${\cal D}$ is the cone deficit angle. Vacuum expectation values are determined by a point-splitting method in the proper time representation of the propagators. Analogies with the Aharonov-Bohm effect are pointed out throughout the paper and a conjecture on an extension to fields of arbitrary spin is given.Comment: Propagator (11) is rewritten in a more convenient form and the one before that is amended. A more concise expression is given for the energy density of a twisted spinor. The references contain minor correction

How important are parents and partners for smoking cessation in adulthood? An event history analysis

Background. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of parental and partner’s education and smoking behavior on an individual’s chance of smoking cessation over the life course. Methods. Self-reported life histories of smoking behavior, education, and relationships were recorded in face-to-face interviews with a random general-population sample of 850 respondents and their partners (if present). The data were collected in 2000. A discrete-time event history model is applied in the analyses of cessation over the life course. Results. Parents’ education and smoking behavior (during adolescence) and partners’ education have no significant influence on cessation. Living with an ex-smoker or never-smoker increases the likelihood of quitting, compared to being single or living with a partner who smokes. Respondents whose partners were ex-smokers are almost five times more likely to quit smoking than single respondents. They are almost twice as likely to quit compared to those living with a never-smoker. Conclusions. The difference between having and not having a partner seems as important for cessation as the difference between having a partner who smokes, has never smoked, or has stopped smoking. An ex-smoking partner stimulates cessation more than a partner who has never smoked. Studies into cessation should take into account partners’ smoking histories.

Educational Achievement of Immigrant Children in Western Countries: Origin, Destination, and Community Effects on Mathematical Performance

This paper explores the extent to which macro-level characteristics of destination countries, origin countries and immigrant communities can explain differences in the educational achievement of immigrant children. Using data from the 2003 PISA survey, we performed analyses on the mathematical performance of 7403 pupils with a background of immigration from 35 different origin countries in 13 Western countries of destination. Our cross-classified multilevel analyses show that cross-national and cross-group variance cannot be fully explained by compositional differences. Contextual properties of host countries, origin countries and communities also affect the educational performance of immigrant children. We show that the better educational performance of immigrant children in traditional immigrant receiving countries can be explained by strict immigration laws. We further find that the level of economic development of origin countries negatively affects immigrant children’s educational performance, and that children who have a background in more politically stable countries, perform better at school. Finally, we find that socioeconomic differences between immigrant communities and the native population and relative community size negatively affect immigrant children’s scholastic achievement.immigrant; educational achievement; cross-national comparison; PISA; origin country; destination country

Les Ordres Militaires et l'élevage dans l'Espagne médiévale.

Sin resume

V-Belt Winding along Archimedean Spirals During the Variator Speed Ratio Shift

Starting from a previous model for the shift mechanics of rubber belt variators, this lecture elaborates practical design formulas for the torque and the axial thrust making use of the very close resemblance of the belt path to a linear spiral of Archimedes along a large part of the arc of contact. In addition, as an alternative to the modern calculus tools, it is shown how the drive variables can be equally calculated applying some propositions of Archimedes' classical treatise περι ‘ελικων (On Spirals)

Partner’s and own education: does who you live with matter for self-assessed health, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption?

This study analyses the importance of partner status and partner’s education, adjusted for own education, on selfassessed health, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. The relationship between socio-economic factors and health-related outcomes is traditionally studied from an individual perspective. Recently, applying social–ecological models that include socio-economic factors on various social levels is becoming popular. We argue that partners are an important influence on individual health and health-related behaviour at the household level. Therefore, we include partners in the analysis of educational health inequalities. Using data of almost 40,000 individuals (with almost 15,000 Dutch cohabiting couples), aged 25–74 years, who participated in the Netherlands Health Interview Survey between 1989 and 1996, we test hypotheses on the importance of own and partner’s education. We apply advanced logistic regression models that are especially suitable for studying the relative influence of partners’ education. Controlled for own education, partner’s education is significantly associated with self-assessed health and smoking, for men and women. Accounting for both partners’ education the social gradient in self-assessed health and smoking is steeper than based on own or partner’s education alone. The social gradient in health is underestimated by not considering partner’s education, especially for women.

Fermions in a Global Monopole Background

We study the scattering of fermions in a ``global monopole'' background metric. This is the four-dimensional analogue of the scattering on a cone in three dimensions. The scattering amplitude is exactly obtained. We then study massless fermion-dyon systems in such a background metric. The density of the $S$-wave fermion condensate is found to be given by a constant times the flat space value of Callan and Rubakov.Comment: CU-TP-618, 9 pages. (minor changes

Monumentalidade e espaço público em Lourenço Marques nas décadas de 1930 e 1940

Lourenço Marques, actual Maputo (Moçambique), é, durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940, objecto de uma série de intervenções estéticas no espaço público que visam “monumentalizar” e “portugalizar” a cidade, respondendo ao seu estatuto recém-adquirido de capital da Colónia. Dois monumentos destacam-se pela sua importância e carácter exemplar: o Padrão de Guerra, comemorativo da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1935), e o Monumento ao herói das “campanhas de pacificação” da última década do século XIX, Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1940). À volta destes monumentos desenvolve-se um largo leque de práticas comemorativas e celebrativas. Tais práticas postulam o monumento como “alegoria da Nação” e reproduzem, no contexto de uma cidade moderna, valores auráticos e cultuais. Desempenham, assim, um importante papel político na reformulação autoritária do espaço público da cidade como espaço “imperial” e na putativa hegemonização das representações da comunidade imaginada como “Nação”. Permitem, por isso, abordar o uso e a utilidade político-ideológica do monumento do ponto de vista da organização do espaço públicoLourenço Marques, actual Maputo (Mozambique), is subjected to a series of aesthetic interventions in its public space during the 1930s e 1940s. These seek to “monumentalize” and “portugalize” the city, responding to its recently acquired status as capital of the Colony. Two monuments appear as especially important and exemplary: the Padrão de Guerra, a lately built First War memorial (1935), and the monument to the hero of the “pacification campaigns” of the 1890s, Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1940). Around these monuments, a large number of commemorative and celebrative practices are developed. Such practices posit the monument as a “national allegory” and reproduce, in the context of a modern city, auratic and cult values. As such, they add an important dimension to the monument’s role in the authoritarian reformulation of the city’s public space as an “imperial” space, as well as in the putative hegemonization of the representations of the community imagined as a “Nation”. They allow, therefore, to approach the political-ideological use and utility of the monument within the organization of public space

Classical Dynamics of Point Particles in 2+1 Gravity

The relation between Einstein gravity and the Chern-Simons gauge theory of the Poincare' group is discussed at the classical level.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures not included, (replaced version with correct macros) Talk presented at the Workshop on Random Surfaces and 2-D Quantum Gravity, June 1991, Barcelona, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), J.Ambjorn et al. ed