Labour Market Outcomes of Second Generation Immigrants: How Heterogeneous are They Really?

The second and third generation of immigrants have been the centre of a lively debate about the economic integration of immigrants into their host societies, but there is little empirical evidence on the German case. In this study I comprehensively portray the labour market outcomes of second generation immigrants in Germany. Special attention is attributed to observable heterogeneity in terms of country of origin and unobservable heterogeneity in terms of parental human capital, neighbourhood effects, and mixed marriage background. Pooled, static and dynamic panel data models, and a decomposition analysis are used to estimate and explain the average differences in hourly wages and unemployment probabilities separately for men and women. The results suggest that the second generation cannot be considered as one homogeneous group: some groups perform better, equally or worse than comparable German natives. Also, relative outcomes in wages depend mainly on observable characteristics, whereas relative unemployment risks are mainly driven by unobservable factors

Entgasen von Polymeren

After the polymerisation reaction different low molecular solvents remain in the polymer. They are separated from the polymer during a degassing step. Because of the high viscosity of the polymers machines with rotating devices like extruders are used for the degassing step. For the design and the economic instigation of these machines it is necessary to calculate the flow field and the mass transfer in the degassing section. In the experimental part of the work the mass transfer is investigated. A bench-scale unit and a corotating twin-screw extruder are used. The barrel walls of the machines are transparent in order to observe the flow field. The mass transfer takes place out of polymer films which are permanently renewed. In the rotating screw channel of the extruder a melt pool is formed in front of the screw, at the barrel wall thin films are formed. In the polymer melt bubble can be nucleated, the polymer can foam. The influence of different parameters on the efficiency of the degassing is investigated. The parameters are in detail the rotational speed of the screws, the vacuum pressure in the degassing section, the degree of fill, the viscosity, the concentration of the evaporating solvent, the thickness of the films and the length of the degassing section. Also the influence of the position and size of the degassing vent is discussed. A better design of the degassing section is proposed. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from: http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01dh01/357611063.pdf / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Canals as Vectors for Fish Movement: Potential Southward Range Expansion of Lepisosteus osseus L. (Longnose Gar) in South Florida

Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar) is a large-bodied predator, whose Florida distribution remains unclear at the southern edge of its range. We reviewed available literature and museum voucher specimens to provide a more accurate range description, and we discuss recent collections in south Florida. Longnose Gar has not been previously reported in natural habitats south of Lake Okeechobee. Instead, records south of the lake are from canals, and most are recent (since 2000), including our own southernmost 2011 record. No records from Everglades natural habitats have been collected. Previous studies have shown native range expansions in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes. We suggest that the Longnose Gar is expanding its range southward in Florida using canals as dispersal vectors and/or suitable habitat