Application of plants extracts as green corrosion inhibitors for steel in concrete - a review

High requirements in protection of steel reinforcing bar (steel rebar) from corrosion are necessary since there are multi in�teraction of corrosive chemicals which cause early damage of concrete buildings. Corrosion of steel in concrete can destroy the concretes and reduce concrete strength. To protect rebar from corrosion, application of corrosion inhibitor is believed to have higher performance compared to other protection systems. To date, organic inhibitors have promising methods in steel rebar protection as they are environment-friendly, compatible with concrete, cost effective and applicable in any various concrete conditions. Thus, demands in using these in�hibitors tend to increase significantly. This paper reviews the applications of green corrosion inhibitor specifically high�lighted in protecting mechanisms, typical plants extracted, performance in corrosion protection, and classification of green corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion resistances of car�bon steels in concrete protected by green inhibitors are in fo�cus. As summary, it can be confidently notified that green cor�rosion inhibitors for steel in concrete will have a prospect to be used as corrosion prevention in the future with further im�provements

Adjuvant effects of a sequence-engineered mRNA vaccine: translational profiling demonstrates similar human and murine innate response

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Components and assembly of the PTE module for innate responses. (A) Top panel—in vivo monocytes continuously emigrate from the blood into peripheral tissues with a half-life in the blood of ~1 day. Bottom panel: In vitro generation of cytokine derived DCs from monocytes involves the addition of IL-4 and GM-CSF and culture for 7–11 days. (B) Schematic of the components of a MIMIC-PTE module. In the 3D PTE, differentiation occurs in hours to about 2 days triggered by migration into and out of (reverse migration) through the endothelium: a process reminiscent of the movement of cells from tissues into lymphatic vessels

Evaluating the Effectiveness of More Public Support for Stronger E-waste Regulations

E-waste management is a critical issue facing our society today. Fifty-three million metric tons of e-waste was produced in America alone in 2019; 17.4% of this e-waste was properly disposed of world-wide. By the year 2030, 81.6 million tons of e-waste will be produced globally (World Economic Forum, 2024). Recology San Bruno Transfer Station is the only processing center within the City of San Bruno, CA open to the public for e-waste disposal with limited operating hours. This mixed-methods research (MMR) study investigates factors influencing consumers’ intention to properly dispose of consumer-grade electronics. Specific hypotheses linked factors such as convenience, awareness, and regulations as plausible contributors (Ajzen, 1991). Quantitative data were collected from 117 San Bruno, CA residents and five Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) (n=117 quantitative; n=5 qualitative). The analyzed quantitative data tested through scalar analysis concerning convenient and transparent e-waste disposal and more public support to mitigate e-waste management through regulation revealed that 47.9% of San Bruno, CA residents are not satisfied with current e-waste management practices. Quantitative data revealed that 54.7% of residents view current e-waste management practices as inconvenient. Another 41% do not feel knowledgeable about proper e-waste disposal practices. An additional 50.4% feel that manufacturing companies are not transparent about the end-of-life disposal of their electronic products. These results could inform decision-makers on prioritizing funding to create more public awareness and the required reverse logistics infrastructure with clear communication to customers for the safe disposal of e-waste

The strength of SiO2 added MgO ceramics to withstand flashover-treeing appearance under electron bombardment in vacuum

To improve insulating capability of magnesia (MgO) ceramics under electron beam bombardment in vacuum, the addition of SiO2 was studied. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as a source of electron beam and vacuum condition. The capability which was represented by a waiting time to appear the first flashover treeing (hereinafter time to flashover treeing / TTF) changed with adding SiO2 to MgO. It was found that increasing SiO2 additions increased the TTF and got its maximum value for 6 wt% additions. From this study when 6 wt% SiO2 added MgO was used, the insulation property of MgO was significantly increased 5.5 times of withstanding the appearance of first flashover. From three terminals method, it was found that the 6 wt% SiO2 added MgO had the lowest surface conductivity

Novel nuclear technology for controlled production of n-type semiconductor

Use of semiconductors for power electronics requires unique material characteristics because of the high power levels flowing in the devices. In this research, NTD silicon was try to be developed by using Cf-252 isotopic neutron radioactive sourced (1.6 mCi) instead of using neutron source from nuclear reactor. It was found that concentration of P between 0.5 and 14 wt% could be produced by irradiating silicon using netron between 1 and 5 days. It was proved that the irradiation time did not change the mechanical property of the material