Toward More Equitable Outcomes: A Research Synthesis on Out-of-School Time Work with Boys and Young Men of Color

This article contributes to a growing conversation by identifying trends in an expanding body of research on practices used to support BYMOC. As the field moves toward clearer recognition of what constitutes "effective" practice, afterschool professionals are playing an important role in empowering and organizing BYMOC to achieve more equitable educational, economic, health, and life outcomes

Inequities Beyond Surplus Equity: Fixing the Limited Remedies of \u3cem\u3eTyler\u3c/em\u3e

When the Supreme Court declared “home equity theft” policies a Fifth Amendment taking in Tyler v. Hennepin County, a diverse coalition celebrated its holding. To the unsuspecting, the Tyler decision appears to be motivated by fairness in returning surplus equity to an elderly African-American tax-delinquent homeowner. But when low-income homeowners lose their greatest asset due to even minimal tax debt, returning a fraction of the value (the surplus) is hardly an adequate remedy. This Article refocuses attention away from the invalidation of “home equity theft” policies to larger inequities in the U.S. property tax system that have a disparate impact on communities of color—essentially robbing them of their greatest asset for even minimal tax debt. The nationwide trend of over-assessing property taxes in Black and Latinx communities and then adding exorbitant penalties and fees makes redemption out of reach for most low-income homeowners. This Article offers a step-by-step analysis of the three stages of tax delinquency: over-assessment in communities of color leading to tax default, tax lien sales, and tax foreclosures. As state and local governments have created the problem, they too must remedy it. It was a judicial overreach for the Tyler Court to strike a state’s tax policy as a taking; this does more to further the “property rights” movement and limit the government’s ability to tax than to promote “equity.” The legislative reforms suggested in this Article would better enable homeowners to exercise their right of redemption to stay in their homes, obviating the need for the return of surplus. This should be the prime focus of future reform efforts, beyond complying with the new Tyler standard

HOME MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF CHILDREN

The medical records of 89 ventilator-assisted children followed at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1978 to 1993 were reviewed. The status of these children was remarkably stable. Parameters of communication, nutrition, education, and mobility changed very little over time, and fewer than half had to be rc-admitted. Children aged 9 to 12 years had the most nursing hours; in terms of diagnosis, those with spinal cord injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia had the most. The younger children had the longest initial hospital stay and the most re-admissions. The authors conclude that appropriate rehabilitation during the initial hospitalization can minimize later changes, instability and rehospitalizations, and that careful follow-up and periodic evaluation can improve the patients' health and function. R SUM Ventilation assist e a domicile chez enfant: param tres ďune volution durant quinze ans ďexp rience Les dossiers m dicaux de 89 enfants ayant b n fici ďune ventilation assist e et suivis par le Centre M dical de Universit du Michigan entrc 1978 et 1993 ont t examines. tat de ces enfants est apparu remarquablement stable. Les param tres de communication, alimentation. ducation et d placements volu rent tr s peu et moms de la moiti des enfants devaient tre r hospitalis e. Les enfants de 9 12 ans cxigeaient le plus ďheures ďinfirmi re; de m me, en terme de diagnostic, les enfants avec lesions de la moelle epiniere ou une dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire. Les enfants les plus jeunes exigeaient le temps hospitalier initial le plus long et les r hospitalisations les plus fr quentes. Les auteurs concluent qu'une prise en charge appropri e durant hospitalisation initiate peut att nuer les modifications ult rieures, instabilit ou la r hospitalisation, et qu'un suivi soigneux et des valuations p riodiques peuvent am liorer la sant et les capacit s des patients. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Heimbeatmimg von Kindern: Ver ndemngen nach 15 Jaliren Erfalirung Die Krankengeschichten von 89 Kindern mit assistierter Beatmung, die von 1978 zu 1993 in der Universitatsklinik von Michigan betreut wurden, sind durchgesehen worden. Der Zustand dieser Kinder war bemerkenswert stabil. Die Parameter f r Kommunikation, Ern hrung, Erziehung und Mobilit t nderten sich in diesem Zeitraum kaum und weniger als die H lfte mu ten wieder aufgenommen werden. Kinder im Alter zwischen 9 und 12 Jahren brauchten die meisten Pflegestunden, unter Ber cksichtigung der Diagnose hatten Kinder mit Riickenmarksverletzungen und bronchopulmonaler Dysplasie die meisten. Die j ngeren Kinder warcn am l ngsten in der Klinik und mu tcn am h ufigsten wieder aufgenommen werden. Die Autoren schlie en daraus, da eine ausreichende Rehabilitation beim ersten Krankenhausaufenthalt sp tere Ver nderungen, Instabilit ten und Rehospitalisierungen reduzieren und sorgf ltige Kontrollen und periodische Beurteilungen die Gesundheit und Funktion der Patienten verbessern k nnen. R SUM Ventilaci n mec nica de ni os a domicilio: par metros de cambio en una experiencia de quince a as Se revisaron las historias cl nicas de 89 ni os con ventilaci n asistida, seguidos en el Medical Center de la Universidad de Michigan dcsde 1978 a 1993. El estado de estos ni os era notablemente estable. Los par metros de comunicaci n, nutrici n, educaci n y movilidad cambiaron muy poco a lo largo del tiempo y s 1o tuvieron que reingresar menos de la mitad de ellos. Los ni os de 9 a 12 a os ten an el mayor numero de horas decuidados y en t rminos de diagn stico los ni os con lesion medular y displasia broncopulmonar necesitaban el m ximo de cuidados. Los ni os m s peque os presentaban el estadio inicial hospitalario m s largo y el mayor n mero de reingresos. Los autorcs concluyen que una apropiada rehabilitaci n durante el inicio de la hospitalizaci n puede minimizar los cambios posteriores, la inestabilidad y las rehospitalizaciones. Igualmente un seguimiento cuidadoso y evaluaciones peri dicas pueden mejorar la salud y la funcion de los pacientes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66446/1/j.1469-8749.1996.tb12140.x.pd

The Woody Guthrie Centennial Bibliography

This bibliography updates two extensive works designed to include comprehensively all significant works by and about Woody Guthrie. Richard A. Reuss published A Woody Guthrie Bibliography, 1912–1967 in 1968 and Jeffrey N. Gatten\u27s article “Woody Guthrie: A Bibliographic Update, 1968–1986” appeared in 1988. With this current article, researchers need only utilize these three bibliographies to identify all English-language items of relevance related to, or written by, Guthrie