DISCUSSION

This article appeared in the Discussion Section. Gilly Salmon's reply to the criticisms of the five-stage model for e-learning

Flying not flapping: a strategic framework for e‐learning and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions

E‐learning is in a rather extraordinary position. It was born as a ‘tool’ and now finds itself in the guise of a somewhat wobbly arrow of change. In practice, changing the way thousands of teachers teach, learners learn, innovation is promoted and sustainable change in traditional institutions is achieved across hundreds of different disciplines is a demanding endeavour that will not be achieved by learning technologies alone. It involves art, craft and science as well as technology. This paper attempts to show how it might be possible to capture and model complex strategic processes that will help move the potential of e‐learning in universities to a new stage of development. It offers the example of a four‐quadrant model created as a framework for an e‐learning strategy

Pengujian RESTful API Pada Website Monitoring Kartu Santri Menggunakan Metode Equivalence Partitions

Pesantren Go Digital is an initiative by PT Telkom Indonesia to digitize the boarding school segment in Indonesia. One of the digital solutions developed is Kartu Santri, a cashless transaction service integrated with electronic money. However, the development of the Santri Card Monitoring website is still ongoing, and the API's performance is crucial for ensuring the website's features function properly. API performance sometimes encounters challenges, such as server failures, accuracy issues with retrieved data, or responses that do not align with the sent requests. This research aims to test the API's quality and functionality on the Santri Card Monitoring website using the Black Box Testing Equivalence Partitions method. This method allows detailed testing by determining valid and invalid data boundaries. The testing was conducted using the Postman tool, with results showing the API's effectiveness at 71,25% in the first iteration, which increased to 100% after improvement. Consequently, the RESTful API of the Santri Card Monitoring website was deemed "Very Good," with the improvements significantly enhancing its effectiveness. In conclusion, the Black Box Testing Equivalence Partitions method proves highly effective for testing API performance, contributing to the improved quality and functionality of the Santri Card Monitoring website in Pesantren Go Digital

Bubble Baryogenesis

We propose an alternative mechanism of baryogenesis in which a scalar baryon undergoes a percolating first-order phase transition in the early Universe. The potential barrier that divides the phases contains explicit B and CP violation and the corresponding instanton that mediates decay is therefore asymmetric. The nucleation and growth of these asymmetric bubbles dynamically generates baryons, which thermalize after percolation; bubble collision dynamics can also add to the asymmetry yield. We present an explicit toy model that undergoes bubble baryogenesis, and numerically study the evolution of the baryon asymmetry through bubble nucleation and growth, bubble collisions, and washout. We discuss more realistic constructions, in which the scalar baryon and its potential arise amongst the color-breaking minima of the MSSM, or in the supersymmetric neutrino seesaw mechanism. Phenomenological consequences, such as gravitational waves, and possible applications to asymmetric dark-matter generation are also discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, references added, changes reflect published versio

Gravitino Freeze-In

We explore an alternative mechanism for the production of gravitino dark matter whereby relic gravitinos originate from the decays of superpartners which are still in thermal equilibrium, i.e. via freeze-in. Contributions to the gravitino abundance from freeze-in can easily dominate over those from thermal scattering over a broad range of parameter space, e.g. when the scalar superpartners are heavy. Because the relic abundance from freeze-in is independent of the reheating temperature after inflation, collider measurements may be used to unambiguously reconstruct the freeze-in origin of gravitinos. In particular, if gravitino freeze-in indeed accounts for the present day dark matter abundance, then the lifetime of the next-to-lightest superpartner is uniquely fixed by the superpartner spectrum.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Building institutional capability in e-learning design

We detail the research, development and initial outcomes of an intervention process to promote capability building in designing for e‐learning at a dual mode university in the UK. The process, called CARPE DIEM, was built on a pilot study and became a Higher Education Academy ‘Pathfinder’ project named ADELIE. We report on the model workshop, its deployment, research and development over a 12‐month period with a variety of subject groups working in small teams with learning technologists, pedagogical facilitators and librarians. Outcomes include improved scores on an institutional e‐learning benchmarking exercise and increased capability for designing for online activities for students in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The model is stable enough to be tried in other institutions and continues to develop in scope

Direct Detection Signals from Absorption of Fermionic Dark Matter

We present a new class of direct detection signals; absorption of fermionic dark matter. We enumerate the operators through dimension six which lead to fermionic absorption, study their direct detection prospects, and summarize additional constraints on their suppression scale. Such dark matter is inherently unstable as there is no symmetry which prevents dark matter decays. Nevertheless, we show that fermionic dark matter absorption can be observed in direct detection and neutrino experiments while ensuring consistency with the observed dark matter abundance and required lifetime. For dark matter masses well below the GeV scale, dedicated searches for these signals at current and future experiments can probe orders of magnitude of unexplored parameter space.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. v2: published in PRL with minor revisions and changes to Fig 2 (no change to results

Baryogenesis and Dark Matter from BB Mesons

We present a new mechanism of Baryogenesis and dark matter production in which both the dark matter relic abundance and the baryon asymmetry arise from neutral $B$ meson oscillations and subsequent decays. This set-up is testable at hadron colliders and $B$-factories. In the early Universe, decays of a long lived particle produce $B$ mesons and anti-mesons out of thermal equilibrium. These mesons/anti-mesons then undergo CP violating oscillations before quickly decaying into visible and dark sector particles. Dark matter will be charged under Baryon number so that the visible sector baryon asymmetry is produced without violating the total baryon number of the Universe. The produced baryon asymmetry will be directly related to the leptonic charge asymmetry in neutral $B$ decays; an experimental observable. Dark matter is stabilized by an unbroken discrete symmetry, and proton decay is simply evaded by kinematics. We will illustrate this mechanism with a model that is unconstrained by di-nucleon decay, does not require a high reheat temperature, and would have unique experimental signals -- a positive leptonic asymmetry in $B$ meson decays, a new decay of $B$ mesons into a baryon and missing energy, and a new decay of $b$-flavored baryons into mesons and missing energy. These three observables are testable at current and upcoming collider experiments, allowing for a distinct probe of this mechanism.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. v2: references added, corrected the antinucleon abundance calculation (sec III.C.iii), and included comments on the viability of a measurement of the decay of $b$-flavored baryons into mesons and missing energy at hadron colliders (sec IV.A.iii). v3: matches the published versio