Labor Skills and Foreign Investment in a Dynamic Economy: Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model for Singapore

Singapore is an interesting example of how the pattern of foreign investment changes with economic development. In this paper, we analyze inbound and outbound investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries over the period 1984-2003. We find that SingaporeÂ’s two-way investment with industrialized nations has shifted into skill-seeking activities over the period, while SingaporeÂ’s investments in developing countries have increased sharply and become concentrated in labor-seeking activities. SingaporeÂ’s increasing skill abundance relative to all countries in our sample accounted for 41 per cent of average inbound stocks during the period, i.e. US$18 billion annually; the corresponding figure for outbound stocks was 40 per cent, i.e. US$5.51 billion annually.

The contribution of skilled immigration and international graduate students to U.S. innovation

The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Teaching and Learning,Tertiary Education,Environmental Economics&Policies,Gender and Education

Labor skills and foreign investment in a dynamic economy : estimating the knowledge-capital model for Singapore

Singapore is an interesting example of how the pattern of foreign investment changes with economic development. The authors analyze inbound and outbound investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries over the period 1984-2003. They find that Singapore’s two-way investment with industrialized nations has shifted into skill-seeking activities over the period, while Singapore’s investments in developing countries have increased sharply and become concentrated in labor-seeking activities. Singapore’s increasing skill abundance relative to all countries in the sample accounted for 41 percent of average inbound stocks during the period, that is, US$18 billion annually; the corresponding figure for outbound stocks was 40 percent, that is, US$5.51 billion annually.Debt Markets,Non Bank Financial Institutions,Investment and Investment Climate,Economic Theory&Research,

Can the Knowledge-Capital Model Explain Sectoral Foreign Invesment? Evidence From Singapore

Using the knowledge-capital model, we compare factors affecting the inbound and outbound manufacturing and services investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries. The nature of Singapore's two-way investment with the industrialized nations is essentially skill seeking, while with the developing countries it is low wage seeking with the exception of inbound services investment, which is skill seeking. During 1994-2003 time period, Singapore's skill abundance relative to all parent countries, increased annual average inbound investment in manufacturing and services by US$8.15 billion and US$ 15.19 billion respectively.

Who is pirating medical literature? A bibliometric review of 28 million Sci-Hub downloads.

We aimed to define the proportion of downloads on Sci-Hub that are medical in nature and to consider these data at the national level, evaluating the relation between density of medical literature downloads and scientific output, national income classifications, and indicators of internet penetrance

Characterization of polyether-poly(methyl methacrylate)-lithium perchlorate blend electrolytes

Em publicaçãoSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) systems based on interpenetrating blends of poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrices, with lithium perchlorate as guest salt, were prepared. These electrolytes were presented as free-standing films, and their thermal and electrochemical properties were characterized by conductivity and electrochemical stability measurements. The properties of the interpenetrating blends of poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrices as the electrolyte component of a solid-state electrochromic device are reported and the results obtained suggest that this electrolyte provides an encouraging performance in this application. The most conducting electrolyte composition of this SPE system is the formulation designated as SPE2-0PC (5.01x10-4 S cm-1 at about 57ºC). The lowest decomposition temperature was registered with the SPE6-15PC composition (233ºC). The average transmittance in the visible region of the spectrum was above 41% for all the samples analyzed. After coloration the device assembled with 71 wt% PC presented an average transmittance of 15.71% and an optical density at 550nm of 0.61.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

UMANG AN EMERGENCY CAMPAIGN TO ADDRESS MALNUTRITION

Background: World Vision India with its existence in across the country implemented the emergency feeding program for the children with underweight in 53 area development sites spread across 15 states of the country. Rationale: Since more than 40% of the children were found to be underweight through our assessment process, we implemented this community based feeding program as an emergency response to children with malnutrition. Objective: To rehabilitate the malnourished children and sensitise the community on feeding, caring and health seeking practices. Material and Methods: Considering the high prevalence of underweight children, we initiated the program ‘UMANG’ (Urgent Management and Action for Nutritional growth) on a campaign mode with the involvement of various stakeholders. Malnourished children for this program were selected through a community based screening program. This was a 90 day community based feeding program for the malnourished children conducted either in the anganwadi center or a common place. Underweight children (moderate and severe) and their mothers/care takers attended this program with their contribution from backyard nutrition garden or local market and were taught to prepare a nutritious menu using locally available low cost food materials. Mothers were also sensitised on health seeking, caring and feeding practices to prevent future incidence of malnutrition. The families of the malnourished children were also supported with nutrition (backyard) garden, economic development assistance to improve food diversity at the household level. Results: About 50858 malnourished children (54 per cent moderate and 46 per cent severe) were enrolled in UMANG[1]. On comparing the baseline (1st day) and endline figures (90th day) 38.5 per cent of the children have graduated to normal from moderate and severe underweight. In addition UMANG had spin off benefits such as increase in anganwadi attendance, community based growth monitoring in place, communities with increase in the knowledge on malnutrition and formation of common interest groups to prevent malnutrition. Conclusion: UMANG is a comprehensive program which improves the nutritional status of the children and has the potential to prevent future incidences of malnutrition. &nbsp

Problems of Internet Addiction and Its Effects on the Life Style of University Students

The enormous growth of technology and innovations that rules today’s world has become an inevitable sophistication for every human being. Today Internet facility has become a complementary aspect for transforming and disseminating the new innovations. Internet is now a highly accessible and affordable facility even for a common man of any society. However the internet also has made many youths and children to be more dependent on it which started giving adverse effort and even many leading forums stated alarming thissituation. In this circumstance thisstudy has been initiated to examinethe level of Internet addiction and Interpersonal problemsof University students. It also covers effects in their life stylepatterns and behavior based on the level of Internet addiction of Student’s studying in PMU. Internet addition (IA) is a new disorder described in 1996 by the psychologist Kimberly Young. There are many studies about internet use and internet addition and it is one of the things that influence our daily life. The researcher has adopted descriptive cum diagnostic research design for the study. The universe were 302 final year student’sfrom 12 departments ofPeriyarManiammaiUniversity,Vallam, Thanjavur , while 50 students are the respondents for this study . Convenient random sampling has been used to select the final respondents of the study. The tool developed by Kimberly Young in 1996, namely Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Demographic factors (age, gender and grade of level) were administrated to measure the internet addition and Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. It is alarming that the result shows the levels of excessive users among the respondents are frequent users. The result of the study reveals many facts that the student’s are spending too much of time on internet, unnecessarily accessing the internet without any purpose, too much of money spend for internet, leads in reducing their sleeping hours and gets very little time for sleeping , lack of face to face interaction in their family, absence of interpersonal communication. Therefore the study alarms that the internet addiction is changing the life style of the student’s and may have a negative effect in the days to come. Keywords: Internet Addiction, Effects of Internet, Excessive Internet usage, Student Life Styl

Implementation of Low Power and Area Efficient 2-Bit/Step Asynchronous SAR ADC using Successively Activated Comparators

A low power (0.4-09V) 2-Bit/Step successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) is conferred. A 2-Bit/Step operation technique is proposed which implementing a dynamic threshold configuring comparator instead of number of digital to analog converters (DACs). Area and power is reduced by successively activated comparators. Here the second comparator is activated reflecting the preceding comparator’s results. Because the second comparator threshold is configured dynamically for every cycle, only two comparators are required instead of three. By successively activating the comparators, the number of DAC settling is halved, so the power and area overhead is very small and the performance will be increased. The proposed ADC was implemented in a 90nm technology achieved a gain of 35.4 db, power of 0.89 ?w and the conversion time of 0.32ns with a supply voltage of 0.4v. The total core area of this ADC is 7.74 ?m2