Interstitial ectopic pregnancy: a case series

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is very rare with incidence of 2-5%. Their presentation is not uniform and hence may go unrecognized till complications develop. We present three cases of interstitial ectopic pregnancies presenting in our hospital in a span of 1 year. Only one of them had pain in the abdomen at the time of presentation. All cases presented at around five to six weeks of gestation. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis. One case was managed medically while in other two cases, there was a need of surgical management. There were no complications in all the cases. Thus, early presentation of cornual ectopic pregnancy results in satisfactory outcome.  Hence, all pregnant women should undergo regular antenatal checkups with early scans once the urine pregnancy test come positive to confirm whether it is an intra uterine pregnancy or not.

Robust and adjustable C-shaped electron vortex beams

Wavefront engineering is an important quantum technology, often applied to the production of states carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here, we demonstrate the design and production of robust C-shaped beam states carrying OAM, in which the usual doughnut shaped transverse intensity structure of the vortex beam contains an adjustable gap. We find that the presence of the vortex lines in the core of the beam is crucial for maintaining the stability of the C-shape structure during beam propagation. The topological charge of the vortex core controls mainly the size of the C-shape, while its opening angle is related to the presence of vortex-anti-vortex loops. We demonstrate the generation and characterisation of C-shaped electron vortex beams, although the result is equally applicable to other quantum waves. C-shaped electron vortex beams have potential applications in nanoscale fabrication of planar split ring structures and three dimensional chiral structures as well as depth sensing and magnetic field determination through rotation of the gap in the C-shape

Identification and Classification of Lung Nodules Using Neural Networks

Lung cancer is a serious health concern, which is also one of the major types of cancer that has a profound impact on the overall cancer mortality rates. The detection of lung cancer nodules is quite a challenge as the major challenge is the structure of the cancer nodules; here the cells are imbricated with each other. The prediction and classification of lung cancer is done by applying digital image processing techniques to the acquired input images of the nodules. This methodology also aids early detection which in turns reduces the criticality of the condition and provides scope for early intervention and treatment. The prediction methodology involves extracting several features of the lung cancer cell and then applying pattern-based prediction techniques. In recent times, owing to the fact that the time and execution parameters are very important aspects to detect the abnormality of the fast-spreading cancer cells, digital image processing techniques are being widely deployed. The fundamental factors of this research are the quality of image assessment and the precision of feature extraction. Following our proposed methodology, a clear picture of the region of interest is obtained which acts as a basis for the feature extraction process. Here an overall evaluation of the digital image processing techniques used by previous scholars for the finding and classification of lung cancer nodules have also been emphasised

Effect of Seams on Drape of Fabrics

Drape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to be bent in more than in one direction, When two-dimensional fabric are converted to three-dimensional garment form. In the present study, the effects of sewing of different seam were selected on different fabric and their behaviors were studied. In this study drape of ten fabrics are analyzed with three types of seams and three stitch densities. Sample without seam is a control sample and drape of seamed samples are compared with control sample to analyse the drape behavior of seamed fabrics. This paper presents a fundamental drape analysis of seamed fabrics using drape meter. Drape behavior is determined in terms of drape coefficient. The effect of seams on the drape coefficient and Drape profile has been made. Drape coefficients significantly differs between the fabrics and also between the seam stitch density combinations. Investigating drape onseamed fabrics can improve fabric end use application. Key words: drape, computer aided design, seam, stitch density, Design of Experiment

Effect of N-(6-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide and 2,6-diamino-benzothiazole as Corrosion Inhibitor in acid medium

2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole(ANBT) was used as an inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acid medium since the inhibition efficiency was low for that compound, 2,6-diaminobenzothiazole (DABT) and N-(6-aminobenzo [d] thiazol-2-y1) benzamide(ABTB) was synthesized,  and characterized by FT-IR, H1NMR, and C13NMR.The synthesized compound was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl solution using weight loss, Potentiodynamic polarization, and AC impedance techniques. The inhibition efficiency was studied at the different time, temperature and acid concentration by weight loss method. The values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption of these compounds were also calculated, which reveals that the inhibitor was adsorbed on the mild steel by physisorption mechanism. Adsorption obeys Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The results obtained by weight loss method revealed that the compound performed as a better inhibitor for mild steel in 1N HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor acts as a mixed type inhibitor.AC impedance studies revealed that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Surface analysis was studied using SEM and FT-IR

Utility of Real Time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Post Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture.

Ventricular septal rupture after an acute myocardial infarction is a life threatening complication which carries a high mortality. Ventricular septal rupture results from full thickness infarction of the interventricular septum followed by sufficient necrosis to result in the septal rupture. It is one of the three mechanical complications that can occur following myocardial infarction. The others are free wall rupture, which is usually rapidly fatal, and papillary muscle rupture, which results in sudden onset of mitral regurgitation. The respective frequencies of these complications are in approximate proportion to the respective volumes of muscle that are available to be involved, so that free wall rupture is most common, ventricular septal rupture next, and papillary muscle rupture least. The differential diagnosis of postinfarction cardiogenic shock should exclude VSR, free ventricular wall rupture and rupture of the papillary muscles. In a recent report of the SHOCK (SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for shocK) trial registry of 1160 patients with cardiogenic shock 74.5% of patients had predominant left ventricular failure, 8.3% had acute mitral regurgitation, 4.6% had ventricular septal rupture, 3.4% had isolated right ventricular shock, 1.7% had tamponade or cardiac rupture, and 8% had shock that was a result of other causes. Cardiogenic shock is most often associated with anterior myocardial infarction. In the SHOCK trial registry 55% of infarctions were anterior, 46% were inferior, 21% were posterior, and 50% were in multiple locations. Reperfusion therapy has reduced the incidence of septal rupture. The event occurs 2-8 days after an infarction and often precipitates cardiogenic shock. Clinical studies report an average time of 2.6 days from infarction to septal rupture. However, recent data suggest that the initial treatment of MI with thrombolytics may affect both the time between infarction and septal rupture and outcome. The early use of thrombolytic agents may lead to reopening of the occluded vessels, thus reducing the incidence of VSR. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims at utilizing Real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT3DE) technique for comprehensive assessment of - location, size, shape of post myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. - Pathomorphology of post myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. - cardiac anatomy and cardiac pathophysiology after acute myocardial infarction. - Clinical characteristics of patients with Acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture and its correlation with the findings of 3D echocardiography. This study also aims to compare the findings between 2D TTE and Real time threedimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT3DE). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Ventricular septal rupture complicates 1% of STEMI in our study population.Incidence of VSR was common among female sex, elderly age group,hypertensive and among non smokers. 2) Angina was absent in most cases of VSR in females . 3) All VSR cases were associated with first myocardial infarction. 4) VSR was common in AWMI than in IWMI. 5) Mortality was more in AWMI complicated by Ventricular septal rupture than in IWMI complicated by VSR. 6) VSR was more commonly noted in delayed present cases and in patients not thrombolysed. 7) Cardiogenic shock was noted in most patients with VSR . With the onset of VSR 50 % of patients were presented with cardiogenic shock, where as within 12 to 24 hours of onset of VSR 86% were in cardiogenic shock. 8) Majority of cases presented with sinus Tachycardia and Hypotension. 9) 2D Echo could not visualize the site of defect without colour Doppler in 30 % cases. 10) 2D Echo could not Identify the Exact shape of VSR and complexity of lesion and also the lesion extent. 11) 3D Echo imaging Identified the exact location of the VSR even prior to color Doppler and shape of the lesion as elliptical, oval or irregular was identified from RV and LV aspects. 12)With live 3D Echo VSR was demonstrated in en face from Left ventricular and Right ventricular side. 13) LV volume and EF was more accurate by 3D Echo, surface rendered method where as LVEF by 2D Echo under estimate the LV volume and LVEF. 14) Single vessel lesion with total obstruction was the major CAG findings noted and no collaterals noted during coronary angiogram

Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Conventional and Digital Impression Techniques for Implants Placed With and Without Angulation: An In-Vitro study

BACKGROUND: Impression making of multiple angulated implants needs precise technique to obtain perfection. Presently conventional techniques are found to be not fool proof .with the advent of newer digital technologies in impression making probably we have solution. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of closed tray, open tray and digital implant impression techniques of two parallel and non-parallel implants in an In-vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Accuracy of impression techniques were evaluated invitro by means of placing two implants (4.2*10 mm, NORIS Medical Ltd, Israel) parallel to each other on the posterior region of partially edentulous mandibular wax model which was later polymerized to fabricate a PMMA model. On the contralateral side of the same model, mesially tilted implant was placed at an angulation of 17 degree to the other implant. Three Impression techniques such as open tray technique, closed tray technique, and digital impression technique were compared. Inter-implant distance were measured using Coordinate measuring machine. Measurements of various groups were tabulated and statistically analyzed using independent t-test and one way ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean value of the inter-implant distance between parallel and non-parallel implants following three impression techniques were calculated separately. Mean value of inter-implant distance between parallel implants following closed tray (Group A), open tray (Group B), digital impression technique (Group C), were 14.523, 14.421, 14.276 respectively. Mean value of inter-implant distance between non-parallel implants following closed tray (Group D), open tray (Group E), digital impression technique (Group F) were 14.327, 14.415, 14.272 respectively. No significant difference existed between the control and test groups as revealed by independent t test. Statistical analysis of inter-group comparisons using one way ANOVA also showed no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the study, no significant difference exist between the closed tray, open tray splinted and digital impression techniques of parallel implants depicting that the positional accuracy of the implants, suggesting that these techniques can be employed in tilted implant scenario .But for non parallel implants open tray technique remains the ideal and digital impression technique is yet to match its level of accuracy

A Study on Morphology, Morphometry, And Histological Changes in Normal and Anomalous Human Aborted Fetal Kidney at Different Gestational Periods.

The human fetal kidney undergoes intricate developmental processes crucial for establishing proper renal function postnatally. Originating from the intermediate mesoderm, the kidneys undergo nephrogenesis, branching morphogenesis, and tubulogenesis to form nephrons, the functional units. Disruptions in these processes can lead to congenital renal anomalies, impacting renal function and overall health. Understanding fetal kidney development is vital, as abnormalities can predispose individuals to renal disorders later in life. Roughly 20% of fetal congenital malformations are characterized by renal anomalies, emphasizing the need for early detection and management. Elucidating normal fetal kidney development forms the basis for identifying anomalies, with investigations across gestational periods crucial for scientific understanding and clinical applications. This mini-review highlights the significance of studying fetal kidney development, providing an overview of its stages, and emphasizing the importance of recognizing normal and anomalous characteristics