Energy gaps in the 4f135d1 manifold and multiple spontaneous emissions in Yb2+-doped CsCaBr3

Multiple spontaneous 4f135d1 → 4f14 emissions are predicted in Yb2+-doped CsCaBr3 crystals by ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Four emission bands are found at 23 900, 26 600, 34 600, and 43 900 cm−1 that should be experimentally observable at low temperatures. The first, third, and fourth bands are slow, electric dipole forbidden emissions that can be described as spin-forbidden. The second band is a fast, electric dipole-allowed emission that cannot be described as spin-allowed, but as spin-enabled; its radiative emission lifetime is 400 ns. Large energy gaps (23 900, 4600, 4000 cm−1, respectively), relative to the maximum local phonon energies calculated (around 185 cm−1), are found below the emitting levels of the slow bands, which indicates that these states should be significantly stable and multiphonon relaxation to the lower states should be negligible. A smaller gap (2600 cm−1) separates the states of the fast band, which should result in a temperature dependent competition between radiative and nonradiative decay. Differential correlation between 4f−4f and 4f−5d pairs, splitting of the 5d shell by interactions with the host, and spin−orbit effects within the 4f13 subshell, are found to be responsible for the existence of the gaps, which, in turn, split the absorption spectrum into four groups of separate bands, three of which could lie below the host absorption threshold. The quantum chemical methods employed make use of explicit wave functions expanded in terms of flexible basis sets, multiconfigurational self-consistent-field and multireference second-order perturbation methods to account for nondynamic and dynamic electron correlation, scalar and relativistic terms in the (YbBr6)4− defect cluster Hamiltonian, and quantum mechanical embedding potentials to represent the host crystal

Energy shift of the 4f13 6s1 s excited states of Yb2+ from gas phase to the CsCaBr3 solid

Ab initio calculations on Yb2+-doped CsCaBr3 show a large increase (20000 cm−1) of the 4f 14 → 4f 136s 1 transitions from gas phase to CsCaBr3, due to large embedding effects originated beyond the first bromide coordination shell. The 4f 136s 1 states of (YbBr6)4- in vacuo undergo a sudden energy and electron density change at short Br-Yb distances resulting in the formation of an Yb-trapped exciton, which evolves to full ionization, making Yb(II) unstable in hexabromide coordination in gas phase. Embedding in CsCaBr3 localizes the 6s electron inside the Br6 cage, which increases the 6s-Br6 repulsion and increases the energy of the 4f 136s 1 states

Investigating Childhood Stunting and Malnutrition Outcomes in Sukadana and Simpang Hilir, Indonesia

Best of GradCon Award Winner: Poster Presentations - Humanities and Social Sciences Purpose: Infant and child growth is understood as an important indicator of nutritional status and health in populations. Stunting, wasting, and being underweight are the indicators used to measure child growth and reflect nutritional imbalance resulting in undernutrition. The World Health Organization has cited Indonesia as one of five countries that have child stunting higher than both the regional and global averages, making this a priority issue for the government as well as clinics across the country including Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) Clinic located in Sukadana, Borneo. The aim of this study is to gain information on the target population to inform a tailored intervention within the capacity and existing programming of the clinic. Methods and Materials: A health assessment survey was implemented in the clinic and in the surrounding community to measure differences in malnutrition outcomes based on household factors, access to quality health care, issues during pregnancy, maternal and child health, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and quality of child diet. Results: Out of a rich variety of results, some factors were associated with higher rates of malnutrition outcomes or were otherwise noteworthy. Rates of stunting and underweight were 32% and 48% respectively in households with smoking exposure in the home compared to 14% and 27% respectively in households with no smoking. There was a difference in rates of stunting and underweight children from mothers who reported having a cough during their pregnancies (31% and 44% respectively) compared to mothers who reported not having a cough (20% and 34% respectively). Additionally, there was a 13% difference in stunting and an 11% difference in wasted and an 11% difference in underweight in children who had a cough in the last month. Although almost all mothers breastfed their child at some point, initiating and maintaining breastfeeding did not always follow best practices. Stunting and underweight were 23% and 15% higher, respectively, in children that received liquids or food other than breastmilk under 6 months compared to those 6 months or older. Additionally, stunting and underweight were 50% and 31% higher, respectively, in children who first received solid foods under 6 months. The majority of mothers did not believe that stunting was an issue in the community or identified specific causes. Mothers also held the belief that a multitude of foods should be avoided during and after pregnancy to prevent convulsions and luge (weak disease). Significance: ASRI Clinic can address childhood stunting and malnutrition outcomes in Sukadana and Simpang Hilir by investing in community education focusing on tobacco cessation, breastfeeding and nutrition. Within the clinic, ASRI can implement policies and procedures to support patients in smoking cessation and best breastfeeding practices. In addition, the clinic can partner with Puskesmas to continue education and monitoring outside of the clinic. Originality: This is the first time that ASRI clinic has investigated malnutrition outcomes in their community and has partnered with the University of Montana to assess a health disparity

Yb2+-doped SrCl2: electronic structure of impurity states and impurity-trapped excitons

First-principles electronic structure calculations of the excited states of Yb2+-doped Sr Cl2 crystals up to 65 000 cm-1 reveal the existence of unexpected excited states with double-well potential energy surfaces and dual electronic structure lying above and very close in energy to the 4f 135d  manifold, with which they interact strongly through spin-orbit coupling. The double-well energy curves result from avoided crossings between Yb-trapped exciton states (more stable at short Yb–Cl distances) and 4f 136s impurity states (more stable at long Yb–Cl distances); the former are found to be preionization states in which the impurity holds the excited electron in close lying empty interstitials located outside the YbCl8 moiety. Spin-orbit coupling between the double-well states and the lower lying 4f 135d  impurity states spreads the dual electronic structure character to lower energies and, hence, the instability of the divalent oxidation state is also spread. To some extent, the dual electronic structure (impurity-trapped exciton–impurity state) of some excited states expresses and gives support to hypotheses of interaction between Yb2+ and Yb3+ pairs proposed to understand the complex spectroscopy of the material and conciliates these hypotheses with interpretations in terms of the existence of only one type of Yb2+ defect. The results presented confirm the presence of impurity states of the 4f 136s configuration among the 4f 135d manifolds, as proposed in literature, but their energies are very different from those assumed. The Yb-trapped excitons found in this chloride host can be seen as precursors of the luminescent Yb-trapped excitons characterized experimentally in the isomorphous SrF2 crystals

6LoWPAN in Wireless Sensor Network with IoT in 5G Technology for Network Secure Routing and Energy Efficiency

Today, interconnection and routing protocols must discover the best solution for secure data transformation with a variety of smart devices due to the growing influence of information technology, such as Internet of Things (IoT), in human life. In order to handle routing concerns with regard to new interconnection approaches like the 6LoWPAN protocol, it is required to offer an improved solution. This research propose novel technique in 6LoWPAN network secure routing and energy efficiency (EE) for WSN in IoT application based on 5G technology. Here the energy optimization has been carried out using clustered channel aware least square support vector machine (Cl_CHLSSVM). Then the secure routing has been carried out using fuzzy based Routing Protocol for low-power and Lossy Networks with kernel-particle swarm optimization (Fuz_RPL_KPSO). To serve needs of IoT applications, proposed method is cognizant of both node priorities as well as application priorities. Applications' sending rate allocation is modeled as a constrained optimization issue.Pxperimental analysis is carried out in terms of throughput of 96%, weighted fairness index of 77%, end-to-end delay of 59%, energy consumption of 86%, and buffer dropped packets of 51%

The Use of a Functional Electrical Stimulation Bike in an Individual with a Left-sided Stroke: A Case Report

Background: Individuals who have suffered strokes benefit from physical therapy to maximize their function in everyday activities. Research has shown some success using cycling with functional electrical stimulation (FES) as an adjunct treatment in these individuals, but it is not widely used as a standard of care. The purpose of this case report is to describe an example of an individual who received this type of therapy and discuss his experience with the intervention. Case Description: The patient was a 36-year old male who suffered a left-sided stroke. Two weeks later, he was admitted into an inpatient rehabilitation facility. At this time, he required heavy assistance from 1-2 people for all functional mobility. Intervention: After one week of participation in rehabilitation, the patient was set up on a FES bike. This intervention was used 2x/week for 4 weeks in an effort to prime the muscles on his paretic limb. Outcome Measures: The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used as the main outcome in this case. The patient had improvements in each of his FIM scores for transfers, walking, and stairs. Discussion: This case report demonstrates that the use of FES cycling is feasible in the acute phase of hemiparesis stroke rehabilitation, even for a patient with significant functional impairments. The intervention was tolerated well, and provided an enjoyable experience for the patient

Letter from Mary Goar to Pauline Smith; May 24, 1948

Mary writes to Pauline and wishes her well. She tells her that her husband lost his job at Parchman.https://athenacommons.muw.edu/smithpapers/1698/thumbnail.jp

Letter from Mary Goar to Pauline Smith; May 24, 1948

Mary writes to Pauline and wishes her well. She tells her that her husband lost his job at Parchman.https://athenacommons.muw.edu/smithpapers/1766/thumbnail.jp