Ultrasound attenuation in gap-anisotropic systems

Transverse ultrasound attenuation provides a weakly-coupled probe of momentum current correlations in electronic systems. We develop a simple theory for the interpretation of transverse ultrasound attenuation coefficients in systems with nodal gap anisotropy. Applying this theory we show how ultrasound can delineate between extended-s and d-wave scenarios for the cuprate superconductors.Comment: Uuencode file: 4 pages (Revtex), 3 figures. Some references adde

Systematics and phylogeny of the Neotropical treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae (Hemiptera, Membracidae) Sistemática e filogenia das cigarrinhas neotropicais da subfamília Nicomiinae (Hemiptera, Membracidae)

Morphological characters of adults of the treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929 (Hemiptera, Membracidae) including seven genera (Eudonica gen. nov.; Euwalkeria Goding, 1926; Holdgatiella Evans, 1962; Nicomia Stål, 1858; Nodonica Dietrich, McKamey& Deitz, 2001; Stalomia gen. nov.; and Tolania Stål, 1858) and 22 species (16 new) are described and illustrated. Keys are provided for genera and for species of Euwalkeria, Holdgatiella, and Nicomia. Nomenclatural changes, based on study of the primary type material of 15 species, include three new combinations, one new synonymy, and reinstatement of one junior synonym. Eudonica has one species, Eudonica nanella sp. nov.; Euwalkeria has five species, including four new species: E. colorata sp. nov., E. distincta sp. nov., E. perdita sp. nov., E. rubrica sp. nov.; Holdgatiella has two species, one of which is described as new: Holdgatiella chiloensis sp. nov.; Nicomia has twelve species, nine of which are described as new: N. buccina sp. nov., N. harenosa sp. nov., N. inscripta sp. nov., N. jucunda sp. nov., N. monticola sp. nov., N. nigrifasciata sp. nov., N. notidana sp. nov., N. pulchella sp. nov., N. serrata sp. nov.; Nodonica has one species, Nodonica bispinigera Dietrich, McKamey & Deitz; and Stalomia has one species, Stalomia veruta sp. nov. Tolania contains eleven previously described species and nearly 60 new species, which will be treated in a later publication. Three new combinations are proposed: one species described in Nicomia is placed in the tribe Abelini (Centrotinae) as Abelus retrospinosus (Lethierry) comb. nov.; one species previously placed in Nicomia is transferred to the genus Tolania as T. obliqua (Walker, 1858), comb. nov.; one species described in Holdgatiella is placed in the genus Tolania as T. stria (Cryan & Deitz, 2002), comb. nov. One new synonymy is proposed: Hoplophera [sic] cicadoides Walker, 1862, syn. nov., a junior synonym of Nicomia interrupta Stål, 1858. Nicomia subfasciata Stål, 1858, is reinstated. The results of a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology are presented, illustrating the hypothesized relationships among species and genera of Nicomiinae. The analysis supports the broader concept of Nicomiinae proposed here. The monophyly of this group is supported by eleven characters, and all of the included genera are also monophyletic.<br>Caracteres morfológicos dos adultos das cigarrinhas da subfamília Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929 incluindo sete gêneros (Eudonica gen. nov.; Euwalkeria Goding, 1926; Holdgatiella Evans, 1962; Nicomia Stål, 1858; Nodonica Dietrich, McKamey& Deitz, 2001; Stalomia gen. nov. e Tolania Stål, 1858), e 22 espécies (16 espécies novas) são descritos e ilustrados. Chaves taxônomicas para identificação de gêneros e espécies de Euwalkeria, Holdgatiella e Nicomia são fornecidas. Mudanças nomenclaturais, baseadas no estudo de material-tipo primário de 15 espécies, incluem três combinações novas, uma nova sinonímia e revalidação de um sinônimo-júnior. Eudonica inclui uma espécie nova, Eudonica nanella sp. nov.; Euwalkeria inclui cinco espécies, sendo quatro novas: E. colorata sp. nov., E. distincta sp. nov., E. perdita sp. nov. e E. rubrica sp. nov.; Holdgatiella inclui duas espécies, sendo uma nova: Holdgatiella chiloensis sp. nov.; Nicomia inclui 12 espécies, sendo nove novas: N. buccina sp. nov., N. harenosa sp. nov., N. inscripta sp. nov., N. jucunda sp. nov., N. monticola sp. nov., N. nigrifasciata sp. nov., N. notidana sp. nov., N. pulchella sp. nov. e N. serrata sp. nov.; Nodonica inclui uma espécie, Nodonica bispinigera Dietrich, McKamey & Deitz e Stalomia inclui uma espécie nova, Stalomia veruta sp. nov. Tolania inclui 11 espécies previamente descritas e aproximadamente 60 espécies novas, as quais serão tratadas posteriormente em outra publicação. Três combinações novas são propostas: Abelus retrospinosus (Lethierry) comb. nov., previamente em Nicomia, é transferida para a tribo Abelini (Centrotinae); Tolania obliqua (Walker, 1858) comb. nov., previamente em Nicomia; e Tolania stria (Cryan & Deitz, 2002) comb. nov., previamente em Holdgatiella. Uma nova sinonímia é proposta: Hoplophera [sic] cicadoides Walker, 1862 é considerada um sinônimo junior de Nicomia interrupta Stål, 1858. A espécie Nicomia subfasciata Stål, 1858 é revalidada. Os resultados de uma análise filogenética baseada em caracteres morfológicos são apresentados, ilustrando as possíveis relações entre gêneros e espécies de Nicomiinae. A análise suporta o conceito proposto mais amplo de Nicomiinae. O monofiletismo da subfamília é suportado por 11 caracteres e todos os gêneros incluídos são também recuperados como monofiléticos

Prostaglandin F&lt;sub&gt;2α&lt;/sub&gt;, ‘the' Luteolysin in the Mammal?

Part. I: Prostaglandin F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; (PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt;) was shown to be &amp;#8216;the&amp;#8217; luteolysin in the ewe on the following criteria: (1) Hysterectomy and/or separation of the uterine horn from the ovary bearing a corpus luteum led to prolongation of the oestrous cycle, (2) PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913; &lt;/sub&gt;shortened the cycle when administered in the midluteal phase, (3) PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; was identified in uterine venous blood, (4) a mechanism for the transfer of PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; from the uterine vein to the ovarian artery was shown to exist, (5) the quantitative aspects of the secretion transfer mechanism and luteolytic potency of PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; were adequate to account for the observed phenomena. Part II: These criteria were applied for evaluation of PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; as &amp;#8216;the&amp;#8217; luteolysin in the following species: cattle, goat, horse, pig, guinea pig, rat, hamster, rabbit, monkey, human. On present knowledge, there appeared to be a variation between species from those in which PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; was probably concerned in luteolysis and those in which the evidence was against such a role. Part III: PGF&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#913;&lt;/sub&gt; was shown to be luteolytic when given by continuous infusion for 3–6 h into the lumen of the uterus in cattle as well as sheep. The minimum effective dose was of the order of 7 g/kg. The application of this finding to artificial insemination programmes was discussed.</jats:p