The dust morphology of the elliptical Galaxy M86 with SPIRE

We present Herschel-SPIRE observations at 250–500 μm of the giant elliptical galaxy M 86 and examine the distribution of the resolved cold dust emission and its relation with other galactic tracers. The SPIRE images reveal three dust components: emission from the central region; a dust lane extending north-south; and a bright emission feature 10 kpc to the south-east. We estimate that ~10^6 M_☉ of dust is spatially coincident with atomic and ionized hydrogen, originating from stripped material from the nearby spiral NGC 4438 due to recent tidal interactions with M 86. The gas-to-dust ratio of the cold gas component ranges from ~20–80. We discuss the different heating mechanisms for the dust features

Assessment of the quantitative accuracy of Rietveld/XRD analysis of crystalline and amorphous phases in fly ash

An internal standard method based on Rietveld/XRD whole-pattern fitting analysis of fly ash is used to assess the quantitative accuracy to determine its crystalline and amorphous phases under various conditions such as internal standards (types, SiO2 or Al2O3 and dosages, 10–50%), incident X-rays (laboratory or synchrotron) and refinement software (GSAS or TOPAS). The results reveal that the quantitative stability is quite sensible to minor phases, identical to the internal standard, in fly ash. Errors positively correlate with the weight fraction of that minor phase and negatively correlate with the dosage of an internal standard and amorphous phase content in fly ash. The original equation for the amorphous phase calculation is not applicable for a case with a higher inherent quartz content (>2.5%) in fly ash while the dosages of the internal standard is lower than 20%. The original equation is modified as proposed. Based on it, the quantitative results of five different patterns report a good reproducibility with the arithmetic mean errors and the standard errors of identified main phases of around 1%.The access to the beamline BL14B1 facilities at the SSRF is appreciated and the support of SSRF management, User Office and beamline staff is highly appreciated. This Research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51602126), the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2016YFB0303505) and the Program for Scientic Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province

Does the Name Matter? Developing Brands for Patented Fruit Varieties

WP 2011-16 August 2011JEL Classification Codes: M37; Q13Brands have largely been absent for fresh produce products; however, apples are one notable exception whereby varieties partially take the place of brands. Studying the role of brands in this market is particularly interesting given the introduction of several patented or socalled managed apple varieties. We develop an experiment to examine consumer response to a suite of apple varieties; treatments employ different branding strategies using different names for a new managed variety included in the experiment. Results suggest that the name does influence consumer valuation of the new variety and existing managed varieties, but has little impact on markets for traditional apple varieties

Bulk viscosity of low-temperature strongly interacting matter

We study the bulk viscosity of a pion gas in unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory at low and moderate temperatures, below any phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma phase. We argue that inelastic processes are irrelevant and exponentially suppressed at low temperatures. Since the system falls out of chemical equilibrium upon expansion,a pion chemical potential must be introduced, so we extend the existing theory to include it. We control the zero modes of the collision operator and Landau's conditions of fit when solving the Boltzmann equation with the elastic collision kernel. The dependence of the bulk viscosity with temperature is reminiscent of the findings of Fernandez-Fraile and Gomez Nicola, while the numerical value is closer to that of Davesne. In the zero-temperature limit we correctly recover the vanishing viscosity associated to a non-relativistic monoatomic gas.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Nuclear halo and the coherent nuclear interaction

The unusual structure of Li11, the first halo nucleus found, is analyzed by the Preparata model of nuclear structure. By applying Coherent Nucleus Theory, we obtain an interaction potential for the halo-neutrons that rightly reproduces the fundamental state of the system.Comment: 9 pages Submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics E (IJMPE

Radial Velocity Studies of Close Binary Stars. XV

Radial-velocity measurements and sine-curve fits to the orbital radial velocity variations are presented for the last eight close binary systems analyzed the same way as in the previous papers of this series: QX And, DY Cet, MR Del, HI Dra, DD Mon, V868 Mon, ER Ori, and Y Sex. For another seven systems (TT Cet, AA Cet, CW Lyn, V563 Lyr, CW Sge, LV Vir and MW Vir) phase coverage is insufficient to provide reliable orbits but radial velocities of individual components were measured. Observations of a few complicated systems observed throughout the DDO close-binary program are also presented; among them an especially interesting is the multiple system V857 Her which - in addition to the contact binary - very probably contains one or more sub-dwarf components of much earlier spectral type. All suspected binaries which were found to be most probably pulsating stars are briefly discussed in terms of mean radial velocities and projected rotation velocities (v sin i) as well as spectral type estimates. In two of them, CU CVn and V752 Mon, the broadening functions show a clear presence of non-radial pulsations. The previously missing spectral types for the DDO I paper are given here in addition to such estimates for most of the program stars of this paper.Comment: submitted to A

Dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the clean and hydrogen-preadsorbed Be(0001) surface

Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the potential energy surfaces and dissociation processes for hydrogen molecules on the clean and hydrogen-preadsorbed Be(0001) surfaces. It is found that the most energetically favored dissociation channel for H2 molecules on the clean Be surface is at the surface top site, with the minimum energy barrier of 0.75 eV. It is further found that after dissociation, hydrogen atoms do not like to cluster with each other, as well as to penetrate into subsurface sites. For the hydrogen-preadsorbed Be(0001) surface, the smallest dissociation energy barrier for H2 molecules is found to be 0.50 eV, which is smaller than the dissociation energy barrier on a clean Be(0001) surface. The critical dependence of the dissociation energy barriers for H2 molecules on their horizontal distances from the preadsorbed hydrogen atom is revealed. Our studies well describe the adsorption behaviors of hydrogen on the Be(0001) surface.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

Analysis of Finite Microstrip Structures Using an Efficient Implementation of the Integral Equation Technique

An efficient numerical implementation of the Integral Equation technique (IE) has been developed for the analysis of the electrical characteristics of finite microstrip structures. The technique formulates a volume version of the IE for the finite dielectric objects, and a standard surface IE technique for the metallic areas. The system of integral equations formu- lated are solved with special numerical techniques described in this paper. The input impedances of several microstrip antennas have been computed, showing good agreement with respect mea- surements. The technique has shown to be accurate even for complex geometries containing several stacked dielectric layers. The radiation patterns of the structures have also been com- puted, and measured results from real manufactured hardware confirm that backside radiation and secondary lobes are accurately predicted by the theoretical model. The paper also discuss a suitable excitation model for finite size ground planes, and investigates the possibilities for an independent meshing of the metallic areas and the dielectric objects inside a given geom- etry. The practical value of the approach derived is that microstrip circuits can be designed minimizing the volume and size of the dielectric substrates.This work has been supported bythe Spanish National Project ESP2001-4546-PE, and RegionalSeneca Project PB/4/FS/02

EMC and Polarized EMC Effects in Nuclei

We determine nuclear structure functions and quark distributions for $^7$Li, $^{11}$B, $^{15}$N and $^{27}$Al. For the nucleon bound state we solve the covariant quark-diquark equations in a confining Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, which yields excellent results for the free nucleon structure functions. The nucleus is described using a relativistic shell model, including mean scalar and vector fields that couple to the quarks in the nucleon. The nuclear structure functions are then obtained as a convolution of the structure function of the bound nucleon with the light-cone nucleon distributions. We find that we are readily able to reproduce the EMC effect in finite nuclei and confirm earlier nuclear matter studies that found a large polarized EMC effect.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure