More on the voicing of English obstruents: voicing retention vs. voicing loss

In Gonet (2010), one of the present authors found out that English word-final phonologically voiced obstruents in the voicing-favouring environment exhibit asymmetrical, if not erratic, behaviour in that voicing in plosives is most often retained while in fricatives voicing retention concerns only about 1/3 of the cases, with the other possibilities (partial and complete devoicing) occurring in almost equal proportions. The present study is an attempt at exploring the intricacies of devoicing in English to examine to what extent the general tendency towards obstruent devoicing is overridden by voicing retention triggered by adjacent voiced segments both within words and across word boundaries. This study is based on a relatively large knowledge base obtained from recordings of spontaneous R. P. pronunciation

Trends in the Drilling Waste Management

Petroleum Industry is trying to achieve sustainable development goals. Each year new solutions are implemented to minimize the environmental impact of drilling operations. The paper presents trends in the drilling waste management caused by introducing the sustainable development into the petroleum industry. Old solutions such as the drilling waste disposal at the waste dump or dumping ground are not acceptable from the environmental point of view. The paper presents an analysis of new solutions as the sustainable solutions. The most important problem is the chemical pollution in cuttings and the waste drilling mud. The industrial solutions as well as the laboratory research on the pollution removing from drilling wastes are analysed. The most promising method seems to be the recycling and design for the environment of drilling mud

The Pragmatics of Person and Imperatives in Sign Language of the Netherlands

We present new evidence against a grammatical distinction between second and third person in Sign Language of The Netherlands (NGT). More precisely, we show how pushing this distinction into the domain of pragmatics helps account for an otherwise puzzling fact about the NGT imperative: not only is it used to command your addressee, it can also express ‘non-addressee-oriented commands’

Foreign Accents in Polish: Non-native Speakers’ and Native Listeners’ Views

to draw implications for the phonetic training of foreigners who undertake to learn Polish

Effects of two teaching methods of connected speech in a Polish EFL classroom

The results demonstrate that in general, NF proved more effective than NNF. With regard to individual processes of connected speech, NF was more effective in production, whereas no such effect was found for perception

A Proteção do Direito à Saúde de Refugiados e Indocumentados: desafios no contexto brasileiro

Objective: The article presents reflections on the linguistic, cultural, and bureaucratic barriers faced by refugees and undocumented individuals in accessing public health services in Brazil, which has a characteristic of universality, as provided by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Law No. 8080 of 1990. Methodology: A documentary review of national and international norms addressing health and migration was conducted, complemented by an unsystematic literature review. Results: The results indicate that Brazil formally ensures that nationals of other countries or stateless persons, on equal terms with Brazilians, have access to public health services without discrimination based on nationality or migratory status. However, discrimination from health professionals, lack of knowledge among migrants about how the Unified Health System works, and excessive bureaucracy are barriers that limit the enjoyment of the right to health. Conclusion: It was concluded that despite Brazil having, through its health system, an important guarantee of social inclusion for refugees and undocumented migrants, it still needs to take action to combat barriers to their access. Submission: 10/08/24| Review: 10/16/24| Approval: 16/10/24Objetivo: analisar las barreras lingüísticas, culturales y burocráticas que enfrentan los refugiados y personas indocumentadas para acceder a los servicios públicos de salud en Brasil, que tiene la característica de universalidad, según lo dispuesto por la Constitución Federal de 1988 y la Ley No. 8080 de 1990. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión documental de normas nacionales e internacionales que abordan la salud y la migración, complementada por una revisión asistemática de la literatura. Resultados: Los resultados indican que en Brasil se asegura formalmente a los nacionales de otros países o apátridas, en condiciones de igualdad con los brasileños, el acceso a servicios públicos de salud, sin discriminación por motivos de nacionalidad y condición migratoria. Sin embargo, la discriminación por parte de los propios profesionales de salud, la falta de conocimiento de los migrantes sobre el funcionamiento del Sistema Único de Salud y la excesiva burocracia son barreras que limitan el disfrute del derecho a la salud. Conclusión: Se concluyó que a pesar de que Brasil cuenta, a través de su sistema de salud, con una importante garantía de inclusión social para refugiados y migrantes indocumentados, aún necesita actuar para combatir las barreras a su acceso. Envío: 08/10/24| Revisión: 16/10/24| Aprobación: 16/10/24Objetivo: analisar as barreiras linguísticas, culturais e burocráticas enfrentadas por refugiados e indocumentados para acessar os serviços públicos de saúde no Brasil, que possuem característica de universalidade, conforme dispõe a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei nº 8.080 de 1990. Metodologia: realizou-se revisão documental de normas nacionais e internacionais que abordam a saúde e a migração, complementada por revisão assistemática de literatura. Resultados: os resultados apontam que, no Brasil, assegura-se formalmente às pessoas nacionais de outros países ou apátridas, em condição de igualdade com os brasileiros, o acesso a serviços públicos de saúde, sem discriminação em razão da nacionalidade e da condição migratória. Contudo, discriminação por parte dos próprios profissionais de saúde, falta de conhecimento dos migrantes sobre o funcionamento do Sistema Único de Saúde e a excessiva burocracia são barreiras que limitam a fruição do direito à saúde. Conclusão: concluiu-se que apesar de o Brasil oferecer, por meio de seu sistema público de saúde, importantes garantias de inclusão aos refugiados e migrantes indocumentados, ainda é preciso superar certas barreiras para sua fruição. Submissão: 08/10/24| Revisão: 16/10/24| Aprovação: 16/10/2

Effect of hydrogen peroxide of bacterial origin on apoptosis and necrosis of gut mucosa epithelial cells as a possible pathomechanism of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer

A series of in vitro experiments was arranged to assess effects of different concentrations of H2O2 contained in bacterial cultures on apoptosis and necrosis of HT-29 line cells representing human gut epithelium. On the basis of cytofluorimetric assays it was possible to demonstrate that supernatant of the Lactobacillus strain producing hydrogen peroxide (L. delbrueckii CU/22) was able to induce both apoptosis and necrosis in human epithelial culture cells HT-29. Both effects were more prominent than those visible under influence of supernatant of the non-H2O2-producing Lactobacillus strain or chemically pure H2O2 at the same concentration used as a control. In the light of this study and also other reports on damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals of bacterial origin on colonic cells, commensal bacteria of the human gut producing H2O2 may be involved in pathomechanisms of IBD by perpetuating the inflammatory reaction and increasing apoptosis and necrosis. There is a promise that probiotic preparations containing Lactobacillus bacteria will be successful as adjunct therapy of IBD and it is, therefore, postulated to make a very careful selection of the Lactobacillus strains as candidates for probiotics indicated to ameliorate the course of IBD, before starting clinical trials

Iwasawa Theory of Jacobians

The Jacobian group (also known as the critical group or sandpile group) is an important invariant of a finite, connected graph $X$; it is a finite abelian group whose cardinality is equal to the number of spanning trees of $X$ (Kirchhoff's Matrix Tree Theorem). A specific type of covering graph, called a derived graph, that is constructed from a voltage graph with voltage group $G$ is the object of interest in this paper. Towers of derived graphs are studied by using aspects of classical Iwasawa Theory (from number theory). Formulas for the orders of the Sylow $p$-subgroups of Jacobians in an infinite voltage $p$-tower, for any prime $p$, are obtained in terms of classical $\mu$ and $\lambda$ invariants by using the decomposition of a finitely generated module over the Iwasawa Algebra.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

STRUCTURAL WAYS OF GOVERNING THE INTERNET –THE BRAZILIAN POSITION

ABSTRACTThe article addresses the peculiarities and complexities of the cyberspace regulation, acknowledging, but not endorsing, the utopic ideal of the cyberspace as a no-law virtual territory. It explores the variety of means of regulating people interconnections around the Globe through the Internet. It points up the need of due heteronomous protection of interests and claims linked to the core proposes of the Internet itself, such as those deriving from the freedom of expression and concerns with the right to privacy. The article takes as standing point Lawrence Lessig’s pathetic dot theory about the four forces that design the use of Internet potentialities. It then focuses on the Brazilian current basic cyberspace normative framework and refers it to Lessig’s theory, mentioning challenges yet to be met. It intends to share the Brazilian experience with the large English speaking auditory, pointing out how Brazilian legal framework relates to mainstream academic approach to Internet regulatory issues. KEYWORDS: Cyberspace Regulation; Internet; Pathetic Dot. RESUMOO artigo examina as peculiaridades e complexidades da regulação do cyberspace, aludindo ao ideal utópico desse espaço como um território virtual plenamente autônomo, mas não endossando essa postura. Explora a variedade dos meios de regulação das interconexões que a Internet propicia em todo o mundo. Assinala a necessidade de que interesses intimamente vinculados aos propósitos mesmos da Internet, como a liberdade de expressão e inquietações com direito a privacidade, sejam devidamente regulados de modo heterônomo. O artigo parte da teoria pathetic dot de Lawrence Lessig sobre as quatro forças que conformam o uso das potencialidades da Internet. Em seguida enfoca a estrutura normativa básica brasileira, referindo-a à teoria de Lessig e mencionando desafios ainda a serem enfrentados. O artigo intenta compartilhar a experiência brasileira com o mais largo auditório do público que se comunica em inglês, apontando como a estrutura normativa brasileira se relaciona com as mais modernas e importantes contribuições acadêmicas sobre regulação da Internet. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Regulação do Cyberspace; Internet; pathetic dot