Effect of Dehydrated Trehalose Matrix on the Kinetics of Forward Electron Transfer Reactions in Photosystem I

The effect of dehydration on the kinetics of forward electron transfer (ET) has been studied in cyanobacterial photosystem I (PS I) complexes in a trehalose glassy matrix by time-resolved optical and EPR spectroscopies in the 100 fs to 1 ms time domain. The kinetics of the flash-induced absorption changes in the subnanosecond time domain due to primary and secondary charge separation steps were monitored by pump–probe laser spectroscopy with 20-fs low-energy pump pulses centered at 720 nm. The back-reaction kinetics of P700 were measured by high-field time-resolved EPR spectroscopy and the forward kinetics of A∙−1A/A∙−1B→FX by time-resolved optical spectroscopy at 480 nm. The kinetics of the primary ET reactions to form the primary P∙+700A∙−0 and the secondary P∙+700A∙−1 ion radical pairs were not affected by dehydration in the trehalose matrix, while the yield of the P∙+700A∙−1 was decreased by ~20%. Forward ET from the phylloquinone molecules in the A∙−1A and A∙−1B sites to the iron–sulfur cluster FX slowed from ~220 ns and ~20 ns in solution to ~13 μs and ~80 ns, respectively. However, as shown by EPR spectroscopy, the ~15 μs kinetic phase also contains a small contribution from the recombination between A∙−1B and P∙+700. These data reveal that the initial ET reactions from P700 to secondary phylloquinone acceptors in the A- and B-branches of cofactors (A1A and A1B) remain unaffected whereas ET beyond A1A and A1B is slowed or prevented by constrained protein dynamics due to the dry trehalose glass matrix

A universal approach to the calculation of the transit light curves

We have developed a universal approach to compute accurately the brightness of eclipsing binary systems during the transit of a planet in front of the stellar disk. This approach is uniform for all values of the system parameters and applicable to most limb-darkening laws used in astrophysics. In the cases of linear and quadratic limb-darkening laws we obtained analytical expressions for the light curve and its derivatives in terms of elementary functions, elliptic integrals and piecewise-defined function of one variable. In the cases of logarithmic and square root laws of limb darkening the flux and its derivatives were expressed in terms of integrals which can be efficiently computed using Gaussian quadrature formula, taking into account singularities of the integrand.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure

Electronic scientific-educational complex “geoinformation technologies and systems”

© SGEM2016.The Electronic scientific-educational complex (ESEC) “Geoinformation Technologies and Systems” was created in order to improve the quality of education in the fields of geoinformatics and information technologies. The complex provides scientific support of the educational process, integration of innovative research and educational activities. Multi-user version of the ESEC allows to organize joint training of students. During the course of self-study, students have the opportunity to communicate with each other, and thereby to develop the skills of collective work on large projects using modern and advanced information technology. At the same time the teacher can control the educational process. The students work with portal resources and knowledge base on the three levels of control: training testing (training, self-control with reference to the sections in which wrong answers were given); control testing with evaluation of knowledge; final testing (certification: credit or exam), the results of which automatically generates an academic records. The ESEC provides comprehensive support for the scientific and educational activities – from training sessions (lectures, seminars etc.) with the use of modern educational technology to independent research work of students. In addition, the ESEC is the technological basis for further development and approbation of the concept of electronic research and educational complex: the methodologies of design and creation of hardware, software, information and organizational support, experimental evaluation of the complexity of the implementation of the developed architecture, evaluating the effectiveness of new educational technologies

Selection of Adaptive Agricultural Technologies in Digital Agriculture

As follows from the analysis of the collected experimental material of long-term field trials of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Centre and generalization of the activities results of leading domestic research and educational institutions, as well as the practical results of many agricultural enterprises of the eastern part of Europe, we have identified the most effective conditions for the use of basic agricultural methods in wheat cultivation technologies as well as spring and winter barley, seed peas, buckwheat, grain maize, oats, millet and winter rye cultivation technologies of different levels of intensity which contribute to the rational use of available resources of agricultural producers based on the prevailing soil and climatic conditions. The technologies made it possible to prepare scientific-methodological approaches and a mathematical model to solve the problems of selecting an adaptive technology of crops cultivation. A normative-reference database for different types of crops cultivation technologies has also been made, including a list of zoned recognized varieties and hybrids of crops under study, necessary technology methods taking into account conditions of their effective use. Currently, an algorithm and the corresponding software are being developed to choose the most expedient technology of crop cultivation for specific soil and climatic conditions depending on a set of defining factors. There has been created software (in the form of a complex of programs for stationary computers and mobile electronic devices with the Android operating system. A specialized website has been developed. It provides a scientifically well-grounded selection of crops varieties and hybrids for the eastern part of Europa on the basis of user-specified conditions

Existence Criterion of Solutions to the Inverse Problem of Photocount Statistics Obtained by the Inverse Bernoulli Transform

It is shown that the applicability conditions for the inverse Bernoulli transform method for solving the inverse problem of photocount statistics are determined by the fulfillment of the associativity condition for multiplying the matrices included in this transformation. A general criterion for evaluating the photocount distributions $Q_{m}$ in the case of few-photon light, which makes it possible to establish whether the solution to the inverse problem of photocount statistics by inverse Bernoulli transform method is applicable for $\eta<0.5$, is found. As an example of application of the obtained criterion, the critical quantum efficiency $\eta_{cr}$ is found for compound Poisson distribution, below which the solution of the inverse problem of photocount statistics becomes incorrect. Additionally it is shown that the normalization of $Q_{m}$ is not sufficient to obtain a correct solution using the inverse Bernoulli transform.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Research of a modern communicative discourse of users of the Internet network within the reflexive activity and structural theory of communicative action of Jurgen Habermas

A digital era with inevitability raises for us a question of need of definition of determination of the changes, resulting from informatization: processes of transformation of contents, organizational and technological bases and also valuable sense of social communications in virtual space within concepts of “open society”, “network society”, “digital society”. In article views of the reflexive activity and structural theory of communicative action of Jurgen Habermas have been revealed: “the vital world” to which “the system world” resists has been considered. An approach to knowledge of process of evolution through attraction of the typology of communicative actions, developed by Jurgen Habermas, according to which the first type of actions focused on success, and the second type – on understanding, has been described. A modern communicative discourse of users of Internet network has been analyzed, in particular, fragmentation of ordinary consciousness and colonization has been noted by its systems, which is connected with disintegration of a common understanding of the vital worlds. On the basis of the analysis of results of a research of interaction of subjects of the digital communications, carried out by the State university of management, possibilities of interpretation of primary data on the basis of scientific approach of Jurgen Habermas have been introduced. So, for example, it has been shown, that young people actively make habitable “the system world” of virtual space, replacing with it real communications and transforming real forms of behavior of “the vital world”, a certain rationality of young people at assessment of objectivity of information Internet resources is noted, their ability to define “a discourse, that is the argument” in favor of these or those forms of use of opportunities of Internet network. Ways of fuller inclusion in the modern scientific device of digital sociology of approaches of Jurgen Habermas have been offered

Genome, transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences

Advances in the technologies and informatics used to generate and process large biological data sets (omics data) are promoting a critical shift in the study of biomedical sciences. While genomics, transcriptomics and proteinomics, coupled with bioinformatics and biostatistics, are gaining momentum, they are still, for the most part, assessed individually with distinct approaches generating monothematic rather than integrated knowledge. As other areas of biomedical sciences, including metabolomics, epigenomics and pharmacogenomics, are moving towards the omics scale, we are witnessing the rise of inter-disciplinary data integration strategies to support a better understanding of biological systems and eventually the development of successful precision medicine. This review cuts across the boundaries between genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, summarizing how omics data are generated, analysed and shared, and provides an overview of the current strengths and weaknesses of this global approach. This work intends to target students and researchers seeking knowledge outside of their field of expertise and fosters a leap from the reductionist to the global-integrative analytical approach in research

The architecture of it-environment for vocational education and training specialists in geoinformatics

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. In this paper the approach to Information Educational Environment (IEE) creation is proposed. IEE is a complicated system that consists of a lot of hardware and software tools. Open architecture of the IEE provides integration of various electronic educational resources (virtual laboratories, virtual departments, electronic scientific-educational complexes). A variety of different hardware and software tools allow to create a variety of educational routes. In this paper we highlighted the main aspects about IEE creation. The composition and structure of the IEE is discussed. Experience of using the system is presented. The description of the curriculums, practical works, and laboratory tasks is given. The main component of the system is Electronic Scientific-Educational Complex “Geoinformation Technologies and Systems”. The Complex provides comprehensive support for research and educational activities in the field of Geoinformatics – from training sessions with the use of modern educational technologies to independent research work of students