Emerging Roles for Optimising Re-Use of Open Government Data

This paper describes a small-scale study to investigate the missions, services and operational tasks provided by four open government data centers: NYC OpenData (New York Open Data Center), DataSF (open data portal of San Francisco), WPRDC (Western Pennsylvania Regional Data Center) and the London Datastore (Greater London open data portal). The findings are used to propose three emerging specialist data roles for open government data (OGD) centers. The methodology used was an analysis of the textual content of the data center websites, to identify the common elements of the mission and services. A common mission across all four open government data centers was ‘to improve the use of data’. The range of data center services and tasks identified and extracted from the websites, could be classified into five common categories: Availability, Understandability, Technical Help, Social Engagement, and Improve User Data Literacy. Three new specialist open government data roles were proposed, which were framed to facilitate the delivery of the services identified in this study: Data Interpreter, Data Consultant and Data Visual Assistant. In parallel with existing research data policies and guidelines, these three specialist OGD roles could be extended and applied across other open data portals and domain-based data centers e.g. research data repositories, to optimise the delivery of open data, to facilitate greater value from data sharing, to maximize the understanding of complex data and to minimize the subsequent misuse of data

Librarians as Critical Infrastructure in Data Ecosystems

Across the US and around the world, a growing number of public sector, educational, and nonprofit organizations have been sharing data with one another. These organizations hope to increase transparency, enhance efficiency and service quality, improve communities, encourage public participation, develop new knowledge, and foster civic innovation. While there are many success stories around data sharing, there is a growing awareness that the act of publishing data will not always result in community impact. Data intermediaries are often needed to help people extract value from data, and to help producers make good decisions about what and how they publish. In Pittsburgh, our local civic data ecosystem is unique in that both public and academic librarians are actively involved as data intermediaries, and they work in close collaboration with other intermediaries, data publishers and users in a variety of ways. Librarians play a number of roles, including helping people discover information, building data literacy and technical skills, providing technical assistance in data management and documentation, creating feedback mechanisms to publishers, convening and hosting events, and connecting data users. Our experience shows that libraries and librarians should be key actors in the continuing development of data ecosystems and act as core data intermediaries; their expertise adds value to a wide range of issues that affect both data publishers and users. In this talk, I will share insights gained through the Civic Switchboard project, which aims to develop the capacity of libraries in civic data ecosystems

Étude expérimentale hydrodynamique des suspensions non-newtoniennes de particules dures sphériques en solution de carboxylmethylcellulose dans une conduite horizontale

En industrie agro-alimentaire de nouveaux produits constitués de fluides sont souvent chargés en particules solides qui modifient complètement l'hydrodynamique du fluide porteur. C’est pour mettre en évidence ces interactions, que nous avons conduit des travaux de recherches sur l’hydrodynamique des suspensions pour bien appréhender les problèmes liés à l’influence de la phase dispersée des écoulements chargés en particules sphériques dures. Dans ce papier nous présentons les résultats de ces travaux. Cette étude expérimentale a permis de vérifier si les modèles rhéologiques établis pour les suspensions de sphères dures de structure microscopique peuvent s’appliquer à des suspensions de « grosses » sphères dures de structure macroscopique de diamètre d = 4,4 mm et d’expliquer les problèmes liés au mécanisme de transport des écoulements chargés en particule d’aspect d/D = 0,13 dans une conduite horizontale de diamètre D = 30 mm. Ces résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence l’influence de la phase des particules solides en suspension dans une solution de Carboxyméthylcellulose (C.M.C.), fluide au comportement non newtonien. Ils ont validé l’hypothèse du milieu effectif pour l’étude la perte de charge des suspensions de grosses particules à l’aide du facteur de correction de Quemada.Mots-clés : suspension, solide-liquide, rhéologie, sphère, hydrodynamique, non -newtonien

“Don’t Watch this Video!” Online Privacy, Porn, Sutura, and Health among Senegal’s Digital Dissidents

This dissertation explores how sutura – the Senegalese ethic of discretion – has transformed within shifting landscapes of digital media use. In historically contingent ways, sutura has predicated one’s moral legitimacy, legible gender identity, and national belonging on one’s ability to shield aspects of life considered “intimate” from public view. Those who disrupt gender expectations may be construed as lacking sutura. This can undermine their claims to moral belonging. What happens when social media allows users to share intimate life with wide audiences in real time? What does digital media use entail for sutura, and for the configurations of gender and moral belonging invoked in its name? I show that fears of non-consensual digital exposure and image-based sexual abuse have grown in tandem with the importance of digitally mediated intimacy as a site for defining oneself as an ethical Senegalese subject. This affects sexually stigmatized Senegalese acutely and paradoxically. For example, sex workers face high risks of non-consensual exposure online. Yet others may accuse them of transgressing sutura through purported “digital dissidence,” indiscreet or excessively embodied online behavior.Rather than provoking straightforward censorship, perceived digital transgressions of sutura produce unlikely collaborations between “digital dissidents” and institutions that seek to align everyday practices with national ideals of ethical intimacy. Drawing on over 18 months of ethnography and participatory action research, I trace these unlikely interactions across multiple sites: from digital sexual health programs, to Muslim youth groups, to pornography production. In this dissertation, sutura is more than an object of research. I argue that sutura challenges the intransigent analytical distinction between “communication” and “health.” Moreover, it illustrates the gendered operation of health/communicative inequities. Magnified by anxieties about social media’s capacity to multiply affective or erotic attachments, sutura may be invoked to conflate communicative excess with bodily excess, and associate both with gendered illegibility. However, digital dissidents reject the devaluing of their communicative practice. For them, sutura is not a boundary dividing the “intimate” from the “public,” but rather, a practice of collective protection. They reframe digital privacy as mutual aid. I argue that digital dissidents’ reimagining of sutura disrupts dominant paradigms in digital privacy policy that emphasize individual awareness and responsibility. If we heed the expertise of those most vulnerable to digital harms, we can better leverage digital health strategies to promote health equity. By reclaiming sutura, digital dissidents gesture to an alternative digital future, one marked by the equal distribution of digital privacy, health, and protection

Etude thermique expérimentale des suspensions non newtoniennes en écoulement dans une conduite horizontale à géométrie variable

Dans l'industrie Agro-alimentaire, de nouveaux produits, de plus en plus complexes pour les chercheurs, sont mis en consommation. Sur ce papier nous exposons les résultats d‟une étude thermique expérimentale des suspensions non newtoniennes et pseudoplastiques en écoulement dans une conduite horizontale à géométrie variable. Ces suspensions sont constituées de grosses sphères dures dans une solution de Tylose. Elle nous a permis de mettre en exergue les limites du développement de la couche limite thermique dont la l‟augmentation est favorisée par la présence de sphères rigides dans le mélange. L‟étude met en évidence, d‟une part, l‟interdépendance entre l‟hydrodynamique et la thermique des suspensions des particules dont le diamètre moyen d est de 4,4 mm et le rapport d‟aspect d/D est égal à 0,13 et d‟autre part, les effets convectifs des particules (perturbations de la couche limite) dans des écoulements dans une conduite à géométrie variable. Cette étude nous a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de chauffage du mélange à partir de la paroi en observant une amélioration de la qualité du transfert de chaleur avec la fraction volumique des sphères dures et avec l‟utilisation d‟une conduite à géométrie variable.Mots-clés: solide-liquide, suspensions, sphères, thermique, concentration, hydrodynamique. Experimental thermal study of the non-newtonian suspensions flowing in a horizontal duct with variable geometryIn the Agri-Food industry, new products, more and more complex for researchers, are put into consumption. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of heating Non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic suspensions flowing in a horizontal pipe with variable geometry. These suspensions are composed of large hard spheres in a solution of Tylose. It helped to highlight the limits of the development of the thermal boundary layer, which the increase is enhanced by the presence of rigid spheres in the mixture. The study highlights the interdependence between hydrodynamics and thermal of the suspensions of particles with a mean diameter d is 4.4 mm and the aspect ratio d / D is equal to 0.13. It shows the convective effects of the particles (disturbances of the boundary layer) flowing in a duct with a variable geometry. This study helped us to understand the mechanisms of heating of the mixture from the wall observing an improvement in the quality of heat transfer with the volume fraction of hard spheres and with the use of a duct with variable geometry.Keywords: solid-liquid, suspension, sphere, thermal, concentration, hydrodynamics

Impact d'une goutte en situation de Leidenfrost - Modélisation des échanges et expériences

Comprendre les mécanismes des interactions gouttes-parois est primordial pour aborder le problème multiphysique que pose le refroidissement par spray. Avant de pouvoir proposer un modèle pertinent permettant de prédire la cinétique de refroidissement d’une pièce de métallurgie refroidie par un spray, il est nécessaire (1) de pouvoir modéliser les échanges de chaleur liés à l’évaporation partielle des gouttes lors de leur impact sur une surface dans des conditions non isothermes, (2) d’étendre ces modèles à des interactions multiples (plusieurs gouttes en interaction) avant (3) d’aborder le problème plus complexe du refroidissement par sprays. Dans cet article, nous présentons les modèles thermiques nous permettant d’estimer les flux (de chaleur et de masse) à l’impact d’une goutte individuelle, puis des résultats expérimentaux concernant l’interaction goutte individuelle-paroi sont analysés. Pour ce faire, un banc d’essais destiné à la mesure du flux extrait en paroi a été conçu ; une mesure par thermographie IR associée à une méthode inverse permet la détermination du flux de refroidissement dû aux gouttes et des visualisations par caméra rapide rendent compte de la topologie des gouttes à l'impact. L'ensemble de ces informations étant nécessaire pour proposer un modèle pertinent et predictif du flux extrait à l'impact

Colloquium on Open Data and Research Futures

Co-hosted by the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries, this event will explore the Open Movement as it relates to scholarly data by bringing together a panel and poster session with players who facilitate, require, and use open data. Thursday, October 29, 2015, 4:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. Mellon Institute Library, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 5th Ave, 4th Floor - enter on S. Bellfield Ave. 4:00 - 4:30 p.m.: Poster Session & hors d'oeuvres • Open data projects at CMU & Pitt 4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.: Panel Discussion • Mario Bergés IBM Smart Infrastructure Analytics Lab (CMU) • Bob Gradeck Western PA Regional Data Center (Pitt) • Geoff Hutchison Pitt Quantum Repository (Pitt) • Christopher Warren Six Degrees of Francis Bacon (CMU) • Moderated by Keith Webster Dean of CMU Librarie

Gibbs adsorption impact on a nanodroplet shape: modification of Young-Laplace equation

An efficient technique for the evaluation of the Gibbs adsorption of a liquid on a solid substrate is presented. The behavior of a water nanodroplet on a silicon surface is simulated with molecular dynamics. An external field with varying strength is applied on the system to tune the solid-liquid interfacial contact area. A linear dependence of droplet's volume on the contact area is observed. Our modified Young--Laplace equation is used to explain the influence of the Gibbs adsorption on the nanodroplet volume contraction. Fitting of the molecular dynamics results with these of an analytical approach allows us to evaluate the number of atoms per unit area adsorbed on the substrate, which quantifies the Gibbs adsorption. Thus, a threshold of a droplet size is obtained, for which the impact of the adsorption is crucial. Moreover, the presented results can be applied for the evaluation of the adsorption impact on the physical--chemical properties of systems with important surface-to-volume fraction

Heat transfer of droplets impinging onto a wall above the Leidenfrost temperature

Combustion, spray and flow dynamics for aerospace propulsionCombustion, spray and flow dynamics for aerospace propulsionInternational audienceIn aero-engines, droplet/wall interaction phenomena have a considerable influence on the mixture formation process and on wall heat fluxes. Impinging droplets may rebound, splash into secondary droplets or form a liquid film onto the solid surface. Droplet rebound and splashing is also a mechanism for the back penetration of the fuel vapor in the central region of the combustion chamber where the gas temperature is high enough for ignition. This work is an experimental study aiming at characterizing the heat transfers induced by the impingement of water droplets (diameter 80ֱ80 ֭) on a thin nickel plate heated by electromagnetic induction. The temperature of the rear face of the nickel sample is measured by means of an infrared camera and the heat removed from the wall due to the presence of the droplets is estimated using a semi-analytical inverse heat conduction model. In parallel, the temperature of the droplets is measured using the two-color Laser-Induced Fluorescence Thermometry which has been extended to imagery for the purpose of these experiments. The measurements of the variation in the droplet temperature occurring during an impact allow determining the liquid sensible heat. Measurements are performed at surface conditions well above the Leidenfrost temperature. A wide range of Weber numbers corresponding to the bouncing and splashing regimes are tested. Comparison between the heat flux removed from the wall and the sensible heat gained by the liquid allows estimating the heat flux related to liquid evaporation. Results reveal that the respective level of the droplet sensible heat and the heat lost due to liquid vaporization can vary significantly with the droplet sizes and the Weber number