Antigenotoxic Studies of Different Substances to Reduce the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

Mycotoxins are produced mainly by the mycelial structure of filamentous fungi, or more specifically, molds. These secondary metabolites are synthesized during the end of the exponential growth phase and appear to have no biochemical significance in fungal growth and development. The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem for the adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses. The toxic effect of the ingestion of mycotoxins in humans and animals depends on a number of factors including intake levels, duration of exposure, toxin species, mechanisms of action, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. In general, the consumption of contaminated food and feed with mycotoxin induces to neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effect in humans and/or animals. The most significant mycotoxins in terms of public health and agronomic perspective include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, fumonisins, patulin, and the ergot alkaloids. Due to the detrimental effects of these mycotoxins, several strategies have been developed in order to reduce the risk of exposure. These include the degradation, destruction, inactivation or removal of mycotoxins through chemical, physical and biological methods. However, the results obtained with these methods have not been optimal, because they may change the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional values of food. Another alternative strategy to prevent or reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins is by applying antimutagenic agents. These substances act according to several extra- or intracellular mechanisms, their main goal being to avoid the interaction of mycotoxins with DNA; as a consequence of their action, these agents would inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. This article reviews the main strategies used to control AFB1 and ochratoxin A and contains an analysis of some antigenotoxic substances that reduce the DNA damage caused by these mycotoxins

Marine Carotenoids: Biological Functions and Commercial Applications

Carotenoids are the most common pigments in nature and are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and fungi. Carotenoids are considered key molecules for life. Light capture, photosynthesis photoprotection, excess light dissipation and quenching of singlet oxygen are among key biological functions of carotenoids relevant for life on earth. Biological properties of carotenoids allow for a wide range of commercial applications. Indeed, recent interest in the carotenoids has been mainly for their nutraceutical properties. A large number of scientific studies have confirmed the benefits of carotenoids to health and their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. In addition, carotenoids have traditionally been used in food and animal feed for their color properties. Carotenoids are also known to improve consumer perception of quality; an example is the addition of carotenoids to fish feed to impart color to farmed salmon

Influence des carotenoides sur les enzymes du metabolisme des toxiques et sur l'initiation de la cancerogenese du foie chez le rat

Diplôme : DE

Tendances comportementales normales et pathologiques ou indésirables chez les chiens de berger

Les chiens de berger ont été primitivement sélectionnés pour leur rôle de gardien et de conducteur de troupeau. Ils constituent à l'heure actuelle un groupe de chiens très populaires. Cependant, tout comme pour les autres groupes canins, peu d'études nous renseignent sur leurs caractéristiques. Ainsi, cette recherche a pour but d'essayer de déterminer un profil comportemental propre aux chiens de berger. Les travaux de Scott et Fuller(1965) ont montré que le comportement chezle chien était sous influence génétique et sous influence environnementale. Les principaux traits comportementaux qui ressortent du travail de sélection des Bergers sont leur forte capacité d'apprentissage et d'obéissance et leur calme au sein du cercle familier. L'évolution de leur utilisation met aujourd'hui en avant certains comportements indésirables et en particulier l'agressivité. Les chiens de berger présentent également des pathologies comportementales telles que les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs, le syndrome hypersensibilité-hyperactivité,le syndrome dissociatif ou les dysthymies.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comportements et attitudes au cabinet dentaire face à des enfants âgés de 0 à 4 ans

MONTROUGE-BUFR Odontol.PARIS5 (920492101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transgresser, franchir ou déplacer les frontières ?

Comment accueillir nos publics lorsqu\u27ils transgressent les règles et nous reposent la question des frontières établies avec eux ? Compte rendu du travail des équipes des médiathèques de Jaude et Hugo-Pratt

Effects of provitamin A or non-provitamin A carotenoids on liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mice

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